Its Common Sense That Animals Do Suffer Essays - Animal Welfare

It's Common Sense That Animals Do Suffer Many people and animal right activists object to having animals used in experiments. The animals used in medical research are put through experiment to help find cures for the well being of mankind, but somewhere down the line, some of these animals are tormented and tortured. Most of the researchers or animal abusers are caught and brought to court because of the heinous acts committed against these creatures and the excuse most animal abusers use is that animals do not suffer because they cannot communicate or express feelings. The author of Animal Liberation, Peter Singer, argues that animals do suffer and most animals can communicate and express their feelings, such as pain. He states this clearly when he says, Most people agree unhesitatingly that animals like cats and dogs can and do suffer. Many animals, such as mammals and birds communicate pain through, whimpering, yelping, and whining. Also, if animals did not suffer, then why would there be a law that prohibits cruelty towards animals. This law fines and even incarcerates people who abuse animals. Moreover, this law infers that animals do suffer and also, that they do have rights against inflicted, and unnecessary pain. In addition, one reason why people experiment with animals and do not care if the are hurting them is because animals do not have a language and cannot voice their feelings -- so they say. Science research found that chimpanzees ( a species similar to humans) can communicate and have a developed language. But what about infants? Infants cannot talk. So, are the not able to suffer because they lack a language? Why are these medical experiments not performed on infants? If animals do not hurt because they cannot communicate, then why can we not say the same for human babies? All in all, medical researchers are using animals to come up with cure for the many diseases and viruses humans bear. Think about it? these experiments are not done on humans because human people would feel pain, suffer, and even due to the torturing tests, so animals are used instead because their bodies work similarly to the human body (after being said that nonhumans are do different from humans). Moreover, we can assume that for an experiment to be successful and the cure be considered safe for humans, the animal's body must function comparable to the human body. Animals have a heart, have a brain , have a nervous system, and have blood just like people, therefore, indeed, animals do feel pain and suffer. Bibliography N/A

Jesus Christ Superstar vs. The essays

Jesus Christ Superstar vs. The essays Jesus Christ Superstar vs. The Passion of The Christ There are a handful of movies made to date, that depicted the controversial subject of Jesus Christ of Nazareth in his final days, the two most successful films that retold this historical tale were written by authors with contrasting religious beliefs. The diverse way that the same storyline is portrayed in these films makes it easy to compare Jesus Christ Superstar and The Passion of the Christ. Jesus Christ Superstar was written more than thirty years ago as a musical. It has a lighthearted 1970s style. Andrew Lloyd Weber was the composer for the project and breathed life and vibrancy into characters through song. Though the story is about a serious matter the play counts on comic relief to ease some tension from the touchy topic. One of the biggest differences in the movie is the fact that Mary, the mother of Jesus, does not appear due to the fact the author was not Catholic. This musical has been on the scene for years and still remains a classic tale of the last days of Christ. The Passion of the Christ was released in February 2004, and was written as a true story, according to the bible, of the last seven days of Jesus of Nazareth. It is such an intense drama that you hardly notice any background music, which is usually a main focus of a movie. This movie is nothing to laugh at. It is an emotional violent, blood-splattered movie that requires a box of tissues to accompany you to see it, and weak stomachs need not attend. Unlike Jesus Christ Superstar, Mary, the mother of Jesus is one of the main characters in this movie due to the Catholic influence of the author. This is a story unlike any other of the last days of Christ. These two movies have the same basic story line, but very different content. The music in Jesus Christ Superstar is phenomenal and has you singing along and although the power of music is overwhelming to the soul it does not com ...

Asian history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asian history - Essay Example There are three meanings of Tao (Taoism) that Lao-tzu describes in is teachings and philosophical ideas. In the teachings of Taoism, the universe and everything in it follows a mysterious and unidentified force referred to as Tao which is translated plainly as â€Å"The way.† There are three meanings that assist in the understanding of the â€Å"way† described by Lao-tzu. The first meaning is that Tao refers to the ultimate reality in which its diversity cannot be conceived or understood by human nature. The Tao is not equal to anything, but this undefined and superior Tao is the basis for everything; moreover, it is a way that is above all in the universe and a mystery to human beings. In all the things of the world, Tao is definitely the greatest and its existence cannot be denied by anyone or anything. This concept for instance, perceives that Tao is only comparable to God from the Old Testament who is indescribable (Oldmeadow 96). The second meaning of Tao is that i t is definitely immanent in that it is the driving force for all existence and the way that people should follow. The Tao in this case clarifies that the being takes the form of â€Å"flesh† guidance to ever which gives guidance to everything in the world. It is like an intense spirit, assumes a complete being, defeats even the most glittering existences, and exists like dust or spirit. The Tao is like a sprit and not a substance that can be exhausted and it flows forever. The Taoism bible, Tao Te Ching indicates that everything is one regardless of the appearances. It gives life to all things and therefore, Tao is the Mother of the Universe that ensures the existence of everything in it. Smith gives an example that Tao is â€Å"Graceful rather than abrupt, flowing rather than hesitant†¦flows with purpose† (Oldmeadow 96). The third meaning of Tao describes it as the path of human life that is related to the ruler of the universe. This indicates that human beings l ive in accordance with the universe and therefore, living in Tao. In addition, it means finding a balance between negative and positive energies within the universe. Nature should not be damaged or abused but rather humans should strive to maintain naturalness in all things (Oldmeadow 96). The three approaches to Daoism are intellectual (Philosophical), Psycho-physical, and spiritual (religious). Philosophical Daoism is an approach that aims at conserving â€Å"te† or power with teachers focusing of coaching. This philosophical idea was generated by Laozi and Zhuangzi in a concept that focuses on the idea of â€Å"wu wei.† Wu Wei is a term that means Quite Creativity that advocates for preserving life liveliness by ensuring that one does not spend uselessly. The concept advocates for minimal friction or conflicts within interpersonal relationships and in relation to the natural world (Haldan 10). The psycho-physical Daoism approach is the essence of enhancing the level of â€Å"Ch’i† (breath or crucial energy) through proper diet (food and herbs), martial arts (discipline), and meditation (Yoga). Ch’i is increased by ensuring consumption of necessary supplements nutritionally. In addition, absorption of ch’i is achieved from the universe and allowing inner flow through efficient body movements. Physical exercises are necessary in Daoism through activities like Yoga to

Rich Pictures Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Rich Pictures - Article Example It was developed by Peter Checkland as a Soft Systems Methodology for gathering information about a complex situation (Checkland 1981, p. 37). Structure, processes and concerns are the main components of any Rich Picture diagram. Use Case method analyses the expectation of a primary actor with the proposed system. Actors are the stakeholders of the system, e.g. end users and other systems that are supposed to use the system. They are not considered as a part of the system, only their interaction with the system is taken in to consideration while developing the system. Use Case modeling is extensively used in software application modeling process and object oriented programming. A clear understanding of Use Case is necessary for using UML and other modern software development process. This dissertation will critically evaluate Rich Pictures and Use Cases as a requirements analysis tool. It will also compare and contrast adoptability, advantages and shortcomings of these analysis methods. With the help of a case study based on a Children Support Agency and analysis of its requirement using both methodologies it will highlight the usability of these methods to different situations. Soft System Methodology (SSM) deals with problem situations in which there is a high social, political, and human activity component (Checkland, 90). The SSM is effective in dealing with "soft problems" that are difficult to define but comparatively easier to solve as presented in Children Support Agency case study. Examples of problem situations where SSM is more effective includes socially more complex but technically easier problems such as dealing with homelessness, illiteracy and distressed young people. SSM as defined by Checkland (1990) is composed of seven stages from, finding out the problem situation, expressing the problem situation through Rich Pictures (i.e., representations of organizational structure and processes pertinent to the problem situation), viewing the situation and produce root definitions, building conceptual models of what the system must do for each root definition, comparing the conceptual models with the real world, identifying feasible and desirable c hanges, to making recommendations to improve the problem situation. Expressing the problem situation through Rich Pictures is a major phase of Soft System Analysis. Rich Pictures are most effective in analyzing the complex organizational structures, functions and processes. Rich Picture diagrams as illustrated by following figure are one of the best and most flexible ways for communicating systematic planning process. Following Rich Picture for the complete Children Support Agency environment outlines all major structures, processes, different stakeholders and their concerns. Figure 1: Rich Picture Diagram for CSA Management Information System. The above rich picture modelling gives a broad picture of the situation. It shows clearly the expectations of different stakeholders from proposed Management Information System. Development of rich pictures gives a systematic understanding of all questions and observations about the problem situation. The above representation of the scenario can be very helpful in identifying

The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock - Essay Example The paper "The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock" discusses Jackson Pollock, his art and his aims. He often used hard sticks and even paint applicators to make an abstract. He not only had a different style but also his work has being majorly influenced by many artists from around the world and even Lee Krasner who he married. His possible influence was a Ukrainian artist Janet Sobel. He was a struggling alcoholic who in 1939 he visited a Jungian analyst to treat his alcoholism who encouraged him to paint, which also influenced his work a lot, his paintings not only showed his thoughts but also the fear and terror in humanity living in the times of nuclear war. Indian culture also played an important role in his work, he was influenced mainly by sand painting, and Indian culture also influenced him in a way where he use to get ideas for subjects and motifs for his drawings. Many art critics have said that his work has shown nature of chaos motion, it expressed the chaos theory even b efore it had been formed. Jason Pollock has been one of the most significant artist in the field of abstract expressionism. His work has been very different from the art at that time, his paintings bought together techniques like Cubism, Surrealism, and Impressionism which made his work stand out from other paintings. And for that reason he has been in the spotlight of media since then, people have written about him made biographical films on his life and his art is still recognised among the master pieces of abstract expressionism.

Campus Security Management

Campus Security Management Campus Security is traditionally defined as one of the most pervasive problems that a campus or university must address. There is rarely has a campus issue, problem, or challenge that requires the recruitment of everyone in the university to solve. Security Management is about protection of a building and other assets of the building. Security management is encompasses a field of management related to asset management, physical security and human resource safety functions. It entails the identification of an organizations information assets and the development, documentation and implementation of policies, standards, procedures and guidelines. Security is an essential issue for every organisation i.e. government, private, commercial or educational institution. Thus, university security personnel such as campus security officers and campus security guard need to have a strong understanding of campus security. There are many important responsibilities are being brought out in running a university. One of the most important is proper security management. Campus security is necessary in order to keep employees and their belongings safe. All students and university community members are encouraged to be fully aware of the safety issues on campus and to take action to prevent and to report illegal and inappropriate activities. Personal awareness and applying personal safety practices are the foundation of a safe community. Pursuant to the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act, university monitors criminal activity and publishes the security report, maintaining a three-year statistical history on the campus, on the adjunct campus, and at off-campus facilities used. University also distributes information about the report to students and employees. A copy of this report is also available to prospective students and employees upon request. Various policies and procedures relating to campus security are needed and it expressly reserves the right to modify or adopt additional policies or procedures at any time without notice. Such changes may appear in successive issues of the security report. (Saint Paul College, 2009). Statement of Research Problems: For universities, it is always a challenge in balancing the desire to welcome the public to campus events with the need to protect the safety of the university community. It is exposed to physical risks and vulnerabilities as well as the vandalism because there are many people pass in and out to the campus include the students who stay off-campus. University community such as students and staff as well as workers who work in the campus area always feel unsecure or unsafe when the security system cannot reach to the extent of protection. Unsecure environment will affect the students academics. However, according to the statistics, the people attitude always makes sense that it will never happen here. Thus, due to the lack of awareness on the security among the students, staffs and visitors of the university, this research study is to get a better understanding on the security management and to know how important are the security management. Besides that, this research will identify the students satisfaction toward security management of University of Malaya. Objectives of the Study: To determine the current security system in University of Malaya (UM). To identify the level of satisfaction among students towards current security system in UM. To conclude and make appropriate recommendations to improve on the current security system. Background of the Study: The security is always an issues concerned by community. In the campus, even there is a security system, many students may still not satisfy with the current security system in the universities because many theft cases still happen, make loss on the students and staffs. Thus, a good and efficient security management of a university is important so that to ensure all aspects and assets of the building are kept safe and defended from danger or injury or loss. Security covers all the devices, technologies and specialist materials for perimeter, external and internal protection. This covers everything from sensors and closed-circuit television to barriers, lighting and access controls. Significance of the Study: This study will show an overview of Security Management system to those security administrators and other security personnel as well as the staff and students about protecting campus assets. Through this research, people will more understand the current security system in University of Malaya and thus the administrators and security personnel could more concern on the current security system problem so that will gives awareness to them so that safety of students and the campus more secure. By managing well in campus security, not only the university community will feel more secure, the visitors will also enjoy the benefits because the probability to face problems will be lower. The students also can enjoy the safe and secure academic environment. Scope of Study: This study will look on the security management in University of Malaya. The area of study will concentrate on whole University of Malaya and also Security Office of University of Malaya. The target segment of this research will mainly focus on the students of University of Malaya so that to achieve the objective of the study. Research Methodology: In carrying out this study, understanding of the definition of security and Security Management of campuses and universities will be carried out from secondary data such as magazines, newspapers, encyclopedia, journal articles and abstracts as well as the data mainly collected from internet. Besides that, the current security system of University of Malaya can also be studied. In addition, questionnaire surveys data will be collected from students so that can know the satisfaction level on security in University of Malaya among them. The data collection and information gathered will be put into chart in the most proper way. Thus, every data and information gathered will be analyzed before the study can reach the conclusion. Structure of the Study: This chapter provides a concise introduction to the topic of this study. It includes statement of research problems, objectives of the study, background, significance of the study, scope of study, research methodology and the structure of the study. In the Chapter 2, the Literature Review, provide information to better understanding on the security management of university including the role of security and types of security. Besides that, this chapter will also study the importance of the security policy and the devices used in implementation of campus security. Chapter 3 is the Case Study which will study on the current security system and management in University of Malaya. All information and documentations that related to the Security Office and the security of University of Malaya will be studied. This chapter will also examine the case study which looks on types of security system such as the traffic control, CCTV, access control, issuing of vehicle sticker and special team as well as role of security guards. Chapter 4 is the Findings and Analysis of the research methodology. Before proceed with analysis, research methodology will be briefly explained. The quantitative research will provides the tabulation of the quantity survey through questionnaire survey. The result will base on the analysis of the data collected as well as observation. Lastly, Chapter 5 is the Conclusion and Recommendation. The conclusion of the study will be derived from the findings and analysis done in previous chapter. After of all, the suggestion and recommendation regarding improvement of security system will be made.

Application Security Essay -- Technology, Programming, Video Games

According to [3], game design refers to â€Å"something to program about.† When creating games, one must take into account the flow and structure of a game. These cannot be ignored since a domino effect follows: poor design will lead to a poor implementation of the game. A poorly implemented design would then lead to a program that is vulnerable to both simple and complex attacks. [1] mentions that loopholes or bugs in games may occur as a product of poor game design. This brings another point: poor design can lead to exploits. Bugs (in games) are more often than not exploited in order to gain some sort of virtual good or advantage, rather than being reported to the developer for further improvement. [1] also discusses different forms of cheating, some of which can be attributed to a poor design. These forms of cheating may include (as an example, for online games) hacking a server or database to gain an advantage, or hacking a system itself to extract valuable information, a mong many others. With respect to offline games, [4] describes an exploit which could affect others’ game play. Theoretically, one would assume that offline games would not affect others’ game play since, there are no networks or servers or connections to the internet, unlike online games. However, for offline games, it is possible for two users to share the same system, and therefore share the same game but with a difference in the saved game file though. The sum of it all is that a game developer’s poor design could be a â€Å"portal† for exploitation. There are ways though to improve design. One may review the design over and over again, from all perspectives, to ensure that there are as minimal â€Å"flaws† as there can be, since these flaws cannot totally be eradicat... ...VA, programmers must take into account the access modifiers of their classes. Preferably, programmers must make class’ attributes private and make use of getters and setters [9]. Use the protected access modifier for superclasses so that its subclasses can access it. Anticipate exceptions that might come along the way and use proper exception handling to avoid bugs that attackers may exploit. Encryption has always been one of the best ways to secure data. Always encrypt sensitive data like passwords and game assets. All in all, the techniques mentioned above are just some of the techniques one can use to secure his or her game. One can use whatever technique as long as it will help improve the security of his or her game. What’s important is to know security threats that pose risks to your game and be able to implement proper techniques to address these issues.

Father of Science Fiction: H. G. Wells

H. G. Wells is the True â€Å"Father of Science Fiction† At the very end of the Victorian Era, there emerged a man of literature the likes of which the world had never before seen. Some know him best as an English novelist, though most of his works were not novels. Some call him a political and social commentator, due to the didactic themes in many of his works. Due to inclusion of the social and natural sciences in his works, he is also known as a popularizer of science.His devotion to the development and establishment of future studies as a science most certainly garnered him the reputation as an early futurist. His pervasive influence in the development of the science fiction genre is indisputable. However it was his masterful weaving together of futurism and speculative fiction into a single body of work dedicated to the future of mankind that earns H. G. Wells the title of â€Å"The Father of Science Fiction†. Herbert George Wells was born in Bromely, Kent, England in September of 1866, the son of a maid and a professional cricketer.When he was eight years old Wells broke his leg and began reading library books to pass the time, stimulating his desire to write. He attended a number of schools throughout his early life, acquiring an xtensive background in physics, astronomy, and chemistry. He even studied biology under Thomas Henry Huxley at the Royal College of Science, acquiring extensive knowledge in the theories of evolution. Joining the school Debating Society nurtured his interest toward social issues and reform.Wells considered himself a socialist and was a member of the Fabian Society that included other such notable members as George Bernard Shaw and Virginia Woolf. At that time he also founded The Science School Journal, allowing him a forum to develop his pen for literature, expressing his iews on society and perfecting his burgeoning fiction. After doing some teaching, he eventually graduated from The University of London with a Ba chelors of Science in zoology. His prolific writing career that followed included hundreds of works over the span of fifty years.His talent for combining the possibilities of science and technology in the form of fictional stories that became known as â€Å"science fiction† or as the genre was known in Britain at the time, the â€Å"scientific romance†. Science fiction as a modern literary genre is distinguished by its use of real cientific ideas and concepts to form a story that is plausible within a futuristic or alternative-world setting. The imaginative elements of science fiction are largely possible within the realm of scientific theory and fact.This differentiates science fiction from other speculative genres such as fantasy and horror in that those works are not concerned with scientific and technological possibility. Even Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818), though certainly innovative in using themes of science fiction, is more accurately classified as a horro r novel. Horror and fantasy genres also delineate rom science fiction in that they include magical and supernatural elements that are absent from the realistic and logical science fiction genre.Though some story elements of sci-fi can be purely imaginary, accurate depictions of science and technology are used to tormulate realistic conjectures ot the tuture, or even alternative timelines of the present or past. What distinguishes H. G. Wells from earlier authors who delve into themes of modern science fiction is that he studied science as a primary disciplinary field and applied his knowledge in a literary fashion, focusing on scientific and technological plausibility. All of Wells' scientific romances contain realistic elements that are based on applied scientific methodology and knowledge.Some of these include such famous works as The Time Machine (1895), The Invisible Man (1897), and The War of the Worlds (1898). Though Wells is considered the â€Å"Father of Science Fictionâ₠¬ , it is often argued that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is the first work that could be considered true science fiction. Many of the innovative themes used by Mary Shelley unquestionably fall into the realm of modern science fiction. Never before had any story been written about a man of science† (the term â€Å"scientist† was not yet coined and would not be until 1834) that performs â€Å"experiments† in a â€Å"laboratory'.Written as a response to the recent Industrial Revolution, Shelley uses fantastical scientific innovations to explore the moral and ethical consequences of technology, a device used by nearly all modern science fiction writers, including Wells. However, unlike Wells, Shelley's works include precious little in the way of actual scientific fact or theory, leaving the audience to speculate about their plausibility. Her education, though broad and advanced for a oman of the Romantic era, was in literary studies and included no instruction in th e natural or physical sciences.Her sources were limited to discussions with her peers of earlyl 9th century experiments in vivisection and galvanism, the latter of which is an antiquated term for the stimulation of muscles by electric current, applied in the case of Frankenstein to the reanimation of dead tissue. Her scientific education is in contrast to Wells, who had an extensive educational background in the sciences. Although Shelley's science is neither plausible nor the main focus of her story, its ealistic nature made Frankenstein truly frightening to her audience, which was her intention in using such scientific elements.Shelley had originally conceived the work as a horror story, thus her themes of science fiction become secondary to the theme of horror as the focus of the work. She inspired the archetype of the â€Å"monster† that followed in literature and film. Though Shelley's idea of using science merged with fiction was innovative for the time and implemented by later writers (including Wells, and not for another 80 years), Frankenstein's designation as science fiction remains ncillary to that as a landmark novel of the horror genre.The title of â€Å"The Father of Science Fiction has also been applied to popular French writer Jules Verne, but is more accurately applied to H. G. Wells. While certainly a brilliant and talented writer that heavily influenced science fiction as a genre of literature, Verne's novels can easily be disputed as works of true science fiction. Much like Shelley's Frankenstein, the works of Verne contain elements and themes that are considered scientific but accessory to his primary literary theme.Much attention is given to Verne's Voyages Extraordinaires, a series of fifty-four stories hich include such famous works as Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), From the Earth to the Moon (1865), and Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea (1869). At the time of their publication, the technological advancements pre sent in Verne's works had been extrapolated by him to aid in his fantastic voyages, but would soon atter become scientific realities. This earned him the reputation ot being a technological prophet, a reputation also held by Wells.Some of his prophecies that came true include the electric submarine, the helicopter, and a â€Å"projectile† to carry passengers to the moon. Although Verne's scientific prophecies were at times more grounded in reality than those of Wells, they were made almost primarily in the area of transportation, unlike Wells, whose prophecies were made in multiple areas of science. The argument can be made that Verne himself inspired these technological advancements. Many pioneering submarine, aviation and rocketry innovators have credited Verne as the inspiration for their successful inventions. However, Jules Verne was in no way a scientist. He was educated as a lawyer and studied geography, the latter of which inspired him to write his stories of adventur e and travel. Verne argued incessantly that his stories were not meant to be read scientifically, and even stated â€Å"l do not in any way pose as a scientist†2. The science he did use in his stories was well researched; Verne often spent time in the company of the best contemporary scientists of his day, consulting them on possibilities of future technology that he could realistically yet fantastically apply to his adventure stories.While not all science fiction writers are scientists, the case of whether Verne or Wells is â€Å"The Father of Science Fiction† can favor Wells as the true â€Å"Father† when it's argued hat Wells' scientific educational background gives him credibility and authority. His use of scientific elements as the primary theme of his works (unlike Verne, whose science was used as an auxiliary to the theme of adventure) makes him more deserving of the title. Also, Verne's title of â€Å"technological prophet† passed to Wells because of his dedication not Just to science but also the serious exploration and inquiry of the future.In 1901, H. G. Wells wrote a book called Anticipations of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought which is onsidered the â€Å"first comprehensive and widely read survey of future developments in the short history of predictive writing†3. Wells was not the first person to take seriously the study of the future, but rather he had access to a vast amount of early speculative writings, including some utopian novels that explored the future state of society, that he combined into a single body of work.With the development of scientific thought during the 18th and 19th centuries and the movement of scholars away from religious apocalyptic future inquiry, scholarly thinking and literature that ealt with general human progress instead of eschatology began to emerge. The development of social sciences that studied human interaction showed predictiv e power when applied to how future society might develop. Many 19th century novelists such as William Morris synthesized sociology with speculative fiction perfecting the utopian novel that gives an image of an ideal society set in the future.Earlier works inherited by Wells that included futurist themes often had a different purpose than the actual scientific study of the future such as exploring God and nterpreting history. In Anticipations, all the early tendencies toward future thought were combined by Wells into the first volume of work that gave complete attention to futurist ideas and systematically explored the future. Like the works of Verne, Anticipations investigates the future of transportation, accurately predicting major highways and interstates as well as the prevalence of motor vehicles.He accurately predicts the rise ot suburbia and huge metropolises as an enormous unbroken sprawls of middle-class life. The book also dwells extensively on the future of world rder an d government, even predicting the formation of the European Union. After the publication of the book, the Royal Institution requested a lecture on future study, which he published under the name The Discovery of the Future (1902). The lecture calls for a whole new science to establish an ordered and working vision of the future, and is known to this day to be the birth of future studies.Wells continued this theme with other works dedicated to the future such as A Modern Utopia 1905), The Future in America (1906), What is Coming? (1916), A Year of Prophesying (1925), The Fate of Homo Sapiens (1939) and many, many more. His work The Shape of Things to Come (1933) is a fictional outline of future history, the title a phrase coined by Wells that has been used countless times and is still used today. The term â€Å"foresight† used in Anticipations was also coined by Wells.Wells' other accurate future predictions include lasers, cell phones, the Internet, and the atomic bomb (a phr ase he used in his book The World Set Free [1914] to describe the bombs that would not be developed until the 1930's). The attention that Wells gave to surveying the future not nly established future studies as a legitimate science, but also helped firmly established future thought as a major theme of science fiction. Before Wells published Anticipations, he published his first and most well-known novel The Time Machine (1895).The story features a scientist known only as â€Å"The Time Traveler† who built a device that can move through time. This device is known as a â€Å"time machine†, a term coined by Wells and still used to this day in reference to such a device. The Time Traveler Journeys forward in time almost 800,000 years and meets a peaceful society of child-like humans known as the Eloi. He also meets the frightening race of Morlocks that live underground and are keepers of the technology that achieve the above-ground serenity.The Time Traveler also soon lear ns that the Morlocks feed on the Eloi, and that their technology is used to keep the Eloi passive. He comes to the conclusion that the two races are a product of Darwinian evolution and the large gap between the social classes of British society. He speculates that the Eloi were once the leisure class, and due to their conquest of nature with technology they have become feeble in an environment where intelligence and strength are no onger necessary for survival. He also speculates that the Morlocks are descendants of the oppressed working class.This application of Darwin's theories as a literary motif echoes Wells' education under Huxley who was known as â€Å"Darwin's Bulldog†. Before publication of The Time Machine, the premise of time travel as a plot device had been used very little. There were some old folk tales and less than a handful of modern fictional works that had included time travel. The idea was certainly popularized by Wells and considered the inspiration of a ll later science fiction works that feature time travel. Like Anticipations, it also established time settings in the future as a major element of science fiction.Wells is the first author to use modern science fiction elements to compose social and political commentary. The Time Machine famously illustrates the possible future consequences of a stratified society that becomes too dependent on technology and will be subject to a form of extreme social Darwinism. In The War of the Worlds, Wells examines Victorian attitudes and values. In his story of Martians attempting to colonize Earth and exterminate humans, Wells provides an imaginative vehicle tor ommentary on British Imperialism.Wells also explores morality and technological ethics, specifically within the realm of vivisection and genetic engineering in his novel The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896). The use of science in a fictional setting to make a didactic point is a reoccurring theme in Wells' scientific romances. It has since then became a major literary device in modern science fiction works to explore the impact of technology on society and humanity. In his best-known and most influential work, 2001 : A Space Odyssey (1968), British author Arthur C.Clarke explores the moral and hilosophical implications surrounding technology and artificial intelligence, evolution, and alien life. Clarke was strongly influenced by Wells; he was even vice president of the H. G. Wells Society. The British author C. S. Lewis was a champion of science fiction that is philosophically reflective and includes a moral point. He created his Cosmic Trilogy as a direct influence by H. G. Wells, citing his novel The First Men in the Moon (1901) as â€Å"the best sort [of science fiction] I have read†4.Out of the Silent Planet (1938), the first book in Lewis' trilogy, is so similar to The First Men in the Moon that the opening age says â€Å"Certain slighting references to earlier stories of this type which will be found in the following pages have been put there for purely dramatic purposes. The author would be sorry if any reader supposed he was too stupid to have enjoyed Mr. H. G. Wells fantasies or too ungrateful to acknowledge his debt to them. â€Å"5 Wells' influence on science fiction extends to many more authors, including British science fiction author Olaf Stapledon.Stapledon himself was a heavily influential writer, contributing many ideas to the genre of science fiction. Stapledon and Wells orresponded for over a decade, both creating ideas together and borrowing from each other. In his book The Billion Year Spree, Brian Aldiss calls Stapledon the â€Å"greatest of Wells' followers†6. Wells' science fictional reach extended beyond the sphere of British authors and diffused quickly to America, where his influence can be seen in such notable science fiction authors as Isaac Asimov and Robert Heinlein.During the 19th and 20th centuries, when the idea of the utopia as story element be gan to have a prominent place in literature, Wells himself wrote a number of utopian novels such as A Modern Utopia (1905) and Men Like Gods (1923). Wells progresses the idea of the utopia with his novel The Time Machine by turning the theme into an anti-utopia point of view. He illustrates the seemingly utopian society of the Eloi, and upon the discovery of the violent Morlocks, the world transforms into a horrifying dystopia.In his novel When the Sleeper Wakes (1899) about a man who falls asleep for two hundred years and wakes up in the future, Wells gives definitive form to the dystopia as a science fiction theme. This theme was taken up by later authors, most notably the British authors George Orwell and Aldous Huxley in their amous novels Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and Brave New World (1932) respectively. These two novels have been explicitly touted by their authors as directly influenced by the works of Wells, and have in turn influenced many other authors, works, philosopher s, thinkers, and even nations and governments.The achievement of H. G. Wells in the development of science fiction as a respected and important literary genre is unquestionable. His background as a scientist combined with his adept queries on futuristic ideas provided a springboard into an illustrious and intluential literary career His creative inventions ot science fiction themes such as the time travel, alien invasions, and invisible men have taken their place as staples of sci-fi literature.This, along with his numerous coined terms, technological prescience and populizing of proto-science fiction themes into mainstream literature designate Wells as the most important science fiction writer the genre has ever seen. And when his pervasive influence on future science fiction writers is regarded along with his other contributions, the only conclusion that remains is that H. G. Wells is the true â€Å"Father of Science Fiction†. Works Cited Wells, H. G. Anticipations of the R eactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought.

Treating Race and Ethnicity in History

Treating Race and Ethnicity in History The fact that American history is strongly associated with racial and ethnic issues in undeniable. Over the centuries, the migrated ethnic groups faced rigid discrimination on the part of dominating population. The indigenous population of America also confronted significant social and cultural pressure on the part of white people coming from Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Treating Race and Ethnicity in History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The point is that differences in races are not premised on biological characteristics, but on social ones. Indeed, social perceptions are strongly linked to cultural beliefs of various ethnic groups. Diverse ideological systems have become the corner stone for various groups to become a united community with common values and belief systems. There is no unanimous opinion concerning the nature of racial confrontation. Nevertheless, the history testifies to the dominance of white race over the others. Therefore, racism often served as a tool for colonizing, enslaving, and conquering new territories. Similar to racial distinctions, ethnic groups are also divided in accordance to different cultural and racial backgrounds. In case the population of one ethnic group prevails, the other ones are considered as minorities whose beliefs, culture, and traditions are often under the pressure. Prejudice, bias, and stereotypes have been formed as a result of these confrontations. In this respect, the African people migrating to the United States were not accepted by the dominating society and, therefore, they were deprived of the human rights, including freedom and equality. Despite the fact that racial discrimination has been exterminated in the course of time, some stereotypes and prejudices have been left. Ethnic stereotypes have been shaped as predominant images that are applied to discriminate the members of various communities. The existence of negative prejudices, however, distorts the overall information about specific community. Discrimination is another effect of unequal distribution of ethnic groups on one territory. To be more exact, there is always a prevailing group that shapes and influences the attitude of the rest of the population. Inequality stands at the core of relation between racial and ethnic groups due to the unequal treatment of each other. Such a perspective can still be applied nowadays since many stereotypic images exist and have a potent impact on social organization. The history of U.S. immigration proves that stereotypic images and discrimination have not contributed positively to the development of a socially and culturally healthy environment. Enslavement and pressure imposed on migrated African Americans, as well as overall treatment of immigrants, prove that people are unable to reconcile with biological differences.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethnic minorities tend to undergo racial discrimination due to their differences from the majority of social groups. These differences, nevertheless, have now become more respected by prevailing communities due to the globalization trends and tolerance of cultural diversity. Such a treatment creates a politically correct environment within which people should have enough space for self-expression and development. In conclusion, all the communities have dominating norms and values, as well as those that are rarely used. Therefore, it is logical some of the cultural norms are not accepted by the majority groups. Such a situation creates contradictions in terms of treating various ethnic groups whose traditions and customs are not respected in the community. In the course of time, the conditions have changed and closer attention is given to understanding cultural diversity in a globalized world. The tendency is a necessary solution for all the ethnic groups and races to be treated equally.

Dog-Day Afternoon Essays

Dog-Day Afternoon Essays Dog-Day Afternoon Paper Dog-Day Afternoon Paper Essay Topic: Film Im going to talk about my favourite film. Its called Dog-day afternoon and is a true story. It happened in Brooklyn in 1792 and covers 12 hours worth of a bank robbery that went very wrong. The focus of the film is the main character Sonny who has organised the robbery. But from the moment they arrive at the bank his plan starts to fall apart. One man backs out at the last minute leaving Sonny and his partner Sal to do it alone. The 2 of them take control of the bank only to find there is no money left. So they lock the bank workers in the safe room but Sonny makes the mistake of holding them up by letting one of the hostages go to the toilet. Meanwhile 12 different police forces are gathering outside the bank and it all goes downhill from there. The front of the case reads: The robbery should have taken 10 minutes. 4 hours later the bank was like a circus sideshow. 8 hours later, it was the hottest thing on live TV. 2 hours later it was all history. The reason I love this film is because its got so many themes and meanings behind it. The main theme is trust. The trust between Sonny and the hostages in the bank, Sonny and the police and Sonny and his 2 wives. Sonny cant trust anyone, yet he has to trust in the police that they will keep to their word and not try to catch him out even though this is their job and this is how he ends up with a dead partner and a life sentence. He gains the trust and even friendship of the people in the bank despite the fact that he is the threat and their cooperation keeps him safe. The hostages have to make a decision whether to help the police or Sonny and they choose Sonny. This says a lot about figures of authority. If you cant trust them who can you trust? All the police want to do is hurt Sonny because they believe what he has done is wrong. This is where he brings up Attica, which was a situation where police shot many innocent people as well as the guilty. This is represented by a white handkerchief he waved out the door each time he was coming out to talk to the police, this represented peace but eventually this peace sign gets covered in blood from a head injury he receives. It is very clever because the film turns the viewers morals around. You end up hoping this bank robber escapes and you grow to like him. This is partly because the hostages like him, but you also find out that he was robbing the bank for someone elses benefit. He served the country in Vietnam and as he doesnt have a Union card so cant get employed. Yet he needs to support his wife and 2 kids financially and it is revealed that he is married to a man named Leon who is in a mental institution waiting for a sex change. And this is why he robs the bank because he wants to free Leon from the hospital. This doesnt justify his acts but the way that the police try to mess with his head and the fact that you see he is a nice guy makes you feel sorry for him, especially as hes had all this misfortune. Another theme is how flexible peoples loyalty is. The crowd outside the bank love Sonny as he throws fake money at them but once they find out he is married to a man they start to chant and ridicule him, this says a lot about society and how easily swayed we are. There are a lot more themes and a lot more that happens but Ive picked out a quote that I think sums up Sonny. I know you dont understand the things I said or the things I did but Im me and Im different to you Sonny writes this to his wife as he makes his will and it I think this says a lot about Sonnys character and the film.

Plato's parable allegory of the cave expresses his doctrine of Ideas Essay

Plato's parable allegory of the cave expresses his doctrine of Ideas or Forms - Essay Example ad.’ This may have been â€Å"derived either from the width of his shoulders, the results of training for wrestling, or from the breadth of his style, or from the size of his forehead† (Rowe, qtd. in O’Connor and Robertson, Plato). His father, Ariston, died when Plato was a young man and his mother, Perictione, married Pyrilampes, in whose house Plato lived. Plato served in the military from 409 – 404 B.C. during the Peloponnesian War. He then participated in the Athenian oligarchy of the Thirty Tyrants in 404 B.C. but soon repudiated their violence. His disillusionment with Athenian politics was complete with the execution of Socrates in 399 B.C. which had a deep impact on his life and thinking. Leaving Athens, Plato traveled to Egypt, Sicily and Italy, where he was influenced by Pythagoras’ work to conclude that valid scientific thought must necessarily be expressed in mathematical terms. He again served as a soldier. On returning to Athens in 387 B.C. Plato founded a school of philosophy and science in a grove belonging to man called Academos: the origin of the word ‘Academy.’ Aristotle was the most renowned of the Academicians. The aim of the academy was to instruct young men to become the ideal statesmen who would usher in the ideal world of Plato’s writings. Except for an intervening period of a few years as tutor to Dionysus II of Syracuse, Plato continued in his role at the Academy until his death in 347 B.C. Plato’s life shows that, in addition to being a philosopher, â€Å"he was a man of the world, an experienced soldier, widely traveled, with close contacts with many of the leading men of affairs, both in own city and elsewhere† (Field, qtd. in O’Connor and Robertson, Plato). Plato’s Academy flourished for nine hundred years, as the longest surviving university known, until it was disbanded by the Emperor Justinian as a pagan establishment. Plato’s Dialogues assured his place â€Å"among the greatest writers of the world†

Analyze how realistic this rags-to-riches story is in today's America Essay

Analyze how realistic this rags-to-riches story is in today's America - Essay Example In actuality, poor people from various ethnic backgrounds have more chance of realizing financial independence in different European nations than in the United States. The myth of American opportunity has probably persisted due to the chances that existed for motivated immigrants in past centuries. In the 19th century, America was obviously a better option for slum dwellers in England and Continental Europe. The chances that individuals from these nations found in America were so different from those they were exposed to in their motherlands that they began to view America as a land akin to paradise. Horatio Alger’s book, ‘Ragged Dick’ mirrors this enthusiasm about the chances given by America to the disenfranchised. In ‘Ragged Dick’, the hero lives in New York City and starts out in a deprived and pitiable state, but, due to hard work and dedication, ends up being educated and respected by society. The latter part of the 19th century was a time of ch ange and great progress in American History. Moreover, it was also a time of falsehood. The reality is that corruptive practices, at this time, were more accepted in today’s America. ... Gangs randomly attacked successful business men and forced them to pay ‘protection fees’ in order to keep operating. Politicians were corrupt and did not have the current organizations that check excesses to curtail their crooked activities. In Horatio Alger’s book, Dick is a dedicated and punctilious person who takes advantage of the opportunities that come his way (Alger 247). Alger shows how his main character gains an opportunity to improve his chances of overcoming poverty when he is rewarded for being of assistance to the child of a rich man. This, in itself, presents a contradiction in what Alger believed about the American society’s fairness. For instance, if Dick had been of African American ancestry, it is unlikely that he would have been given the chance to improve his life even if he had saved fifty sons of rich men. Dick was privileged in this particular circumstance, even though he was poor, because he was from the accepted race. In today†™s world, people from all ethnic backgrounds do not have equal opportunity to improve their lives in spite of what is constantly asserted by the media. The fact that America has become more technologically advanced and is also experiencing a recession merely makes things harder for people or migrants who have little in the way of material goods to raise themselves economically. Not all Americans are well-educated. This means that there will be a lot of competition for the existing blue-collar jobs. In such cases, it is likely that ethnic minorities will be disadvantaged as those that are able to bribe for the jobs or belong to the predominant race are given the existing opportunities. Where white-collar jobs are concerned, sex, race, education and good resumes are