What Is the Most Abundant Form of RNA

There are three main types of RNA: tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA. The most abundant form of RNA is rRNA or ribosomal RNA because its responsible for coding and producing all of the proteins in cells. rRNA is found in the cytoplasm of cells and is associated with ribosomes. rRNA takes the coded information delivered from the nucleus by mRNA and translates it so that proteins can be produced and modified.   Learn More 10 RNA FactsTypes of RNA and Their FunctionsDNA Versus RNA

An Officers’ Job Is Not All Guns And Glory Like It Is...

An officers’ job is not all guns and glory like it is perceived in movies and high crime television shows. What typically happens in a life of an officer is not as action packed as people tend to believe it to be. There are plenty of roles that come into being an officer. In my senior year of high school, I took criminal justice and during the semester, my teacher asked officers to come in and tell their jobs description and what a typical day is like for them. One officer came in with a bunch of tech gear worth thousand of dollars. She explained to us that she spent most of her time in front of a computer catching criminals online. Even though the roles of an officer can be different it does not mean that being an officer is not a†¦show more content†¦When William C. Rainford became an officer at the age of 22 years old, he was not as educated as he now wished he could have been. His beat was in Central California â€Å"in a predominantly Hispanic community with de ep poverty and violent gangs† (Rainford). During Rainford’s time as an officer, he worked in community policing. Community policing is when an officer â€Å"[†¦]walks the streets on foot and forms relationships with citizens† (Why). As a young white man with a wealthy background Rainford was in the middle of a culture shock. A college education can aid officers with being socially and culturally aware of citizens from different groups of ethnicities and backgrounds (Why). Rainford was not able to understand or connect with the culture of the people he was ordered to protect and serve, which caused a sense of distrust and a lack of respect on both sides. Rainford admits that how he did his job was â€Å"[†¦] tainted by my negative perceptions of people who neither looked nor sounded like me† (Rainford). With a college education students are exposed to different backgrounds and a great amount of diversity that they can become accustomed to and lear n to understand something that is different from what they are used to. Officers with a college education â€Å"will see human diversity not as a threat, but as context to be understood, a strength to be celebrated, a difference that doesn’t mean a division† (Rainford).Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Lila And Eve Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract – please remove this when submitting your paper In the movie Lila and Eve Lila suffers from a number of disorders. All combined is what makes her schizophrenic. What I would like to know is can or did her major depression trigger Lila s schizophrenia? If so, how does schizophrenia and major depression go hand and hand as well as how does one go about treating both? In the movie Lila and eve, Lila is a single mother of two. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in anyRead MoreFreedom Fighters of India11786 Words   |  48 Pageslegislation and executive measures, such as the imposition of a poll tax on them, or the declaration by the government that all non-Christian marriages w ere to be construed as invalid. 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Collaborate withRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesabout how to go about a case analysis, but for now here is a brief account. Before we start, a word about attitude – make it a real exercise. You have a set of historical facts; use a rigorous system to work out what strategies should be followed. All the cases are about real companies, and one of the entertaining bits of the analysis process is to compare what you have said they should do with what they really have done. So, it is best not to check the Internet to see current strategies until youRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. 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American History before the Revolution Free Essays

The discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492 led to the colonial expansion of the nations of Western Europe. These colonies were created to push trade forwards in the form of new imports, primarily raw materials as a base for trade and creations of new products. This topic will focus on the history of North America before the American Revolution in 1776. We will write a custom essay sample on American History before the Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first successful English colony was established by the London Virginia Company in 1607 and was known as Jamestown. It was primarily created for the purpose of looking for gold. It was not successful in its venture but eventually found money in growing tobacco which eventually bloomed into plantations with settlers coming in with servants and slaves to create their own. The colony depended on the trade of these crops and most of them were shipped straight back to Britain. The formation of this colony was followed by the settlement of the Pilgrims, a protestant sect based in England and the Netherlands in Massachusetts. They were escaping religious persecution aboard the Mayflower and they drew themselves the Mayflower compact after landing which gave them power of self governance. This was followed by the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay colony in 1629 by the Puritans. They wished to create a religious nation that would serve the true religion. The banishment of Roger Williams from the colony for preaching the separation of church and state led the creation of Rhode Island Colony. From an economic standpoint they were also self-sustaining. Their economy worked on every farmer sustaining himself and having to trade for any goods they could not provide for themselves. The three of these colonies formed the Cheapsake bay area. The middle colonies consisted of what are presently New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware. These colonies were characterized by much diversity in their religious, economic, political and ethnic practices. Connecticut was also formed. The colonization of the lower south started in Carolina in 1670 by the English Lords Proprietors. It was mainly set up as a trading colony especially in South Carolina. They eventually cultivated rice in 1690 through the aid of the African slaves they brought with them. The political differences between the settlers in this colony created much conflict and eventually war which lead to the Proprietors selling it back to the British Crown. A member of parliament known as James Oglethorpe established Georgia Colony in 1733 as a way to form a base against Florida which was occupied by Spain at the time. It was established with strict moral laws which forbade slavery and alcohol along with other forms of immortal acts. Once these laws were rescinded the country went from poverty to prosperity. It consisted of people from varied religious backgrounds. Great Britain eventually won East and West Florida from the Spaniards in 1763 and returned it in 1783 when they left. By 1700 most of the regions were divided in two halves. Their origins brought about the creation of two very different societies. The colonies of New England were much more individualistic as compared to the Southern colonies. The northern colonies touted freedom of religion and of the political process. They formed their society around an orthodox method in order to set an example for all other societies. In contrast the southerners were developed around the bases of economics. Their society was more geared towards mercantilism. The vast quantities of cheap land available to them allowed them to pursue this interest. In order to facilitate their economy they also formed a government which was based according to the Virginia Charter. The increasing demand for English goods grew rapidly in the 1700s and with the possession of the cotton industry in the south the colonies soon outpace England in terms of exports. This was mainly due to the fact that the colonies made use of slaves for labor purposes which brought them great prosperity. In the 1600 the English passed a series of laws known as the Navigation Acts which restricted the use of foreign shipping to trade between England and its colonies. This was mainly done to limit Dutch merchants from trading with its colonies and allowed England to be the main hub for all colonial products. These acts though bringing Britain great wealth caused great resentment in the colonies. This was so because the laws restricted the ability of the colonies to trade with anyone but the English, with these in effect it decreased their power to be independent of the Royal Court. Thus these Mercantilist policies were refused by the colonies as they saw it as a control over their economies and their government. In order to avoid heavy taxes and regulations the colonies resorted to smuggling their goods. The loss of much wealth led the British to enact the writ of assistance which enabled officers to freely search citizens and homes which were suspected of smuggling. The colonists found this to be a violation of their civil rights as citizens of the crown. One of the main ways that smugglers from the colonies operated was the selling tea to the American colonies. Originally the tea came from England through the East India Company, however when Benjamin Franklin suggested that the company bypass England and deal with the colonists directly, the smugglers lost their source of income. In rebellion they tossed 342 crates of tea into the Boston Harbor. This led to the Boston Port Act through which Britain closed down Boston harbor until the tea was paid for. The mercantilism system had a draconian effect on the colonies. Following the Seven years war in 1765 the British Parliament imposed a stamp tax on the American colonies requiring by law that all printed materials carry it. This was to pay for the military funds from the war of which the colonists were considered benefactors. This was also considered violations of their rights as colonial citizens to decide their own tax laws and led to many protests from New England to Georgia. Other British colonies also rebelled against the tax as they saw it as a threat to their economy and it was eventually repealed in 1766. This added further fuel to the colonist resentment and concerns of the British parliament. The last straw was that of the Boston Massacre where the deaths of five civilians in 1770 and sparked the fire which led to the American Revolution. In the end it was all of the reasons above along with the need of the colonies to establish their own government free from the religious, economic and governmental persecution of the English that led to the creation and subsequently fight for the freedom of the colonies and as we know in the end they succeeded. References Internet History Sourcebooks Project. (2007, June 4). Colonial North America. Retrieved May 24, 2009, from Internet Modern History Sourcebook : http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/mod/modsbook07. html How to cite American History before the Revolution, Papers

Arranged Marriage free essay sample

Do arranged marriages violate human rights as they are protected by international humanitarian law? Marriage is a vital part of the social and economic life of a person’s life. It forms the foundation for a continued family line, and the backdrop for raising children. In most societies, marriage is an important relation both between the two people and between the person and the society, and there are many rituals and traditions tied to the marriage. In many parts of the world, arranged marriages are still common, and are the expected and accepted way to find someone to share a lifetime with. Definition A definitive distinction between arranged marriages and forced marriages is difficult to define, as the division is fluid. One distinction is to say that arranged marriages are marriages planned by parents, guardians and brokers, based on what they believe is the best for the spouses, but in this case, the intended future spouses hold the final say in whether to go through with the union of marriage. Forced marriages, on the other hand, completely lack the element of free consent, either by lack of given consent or because consent is given under duress. The right to refuse an arranged marriage is perhaps not part of reality, since the spouses are brought up in a family environment where forced marriages are expected, and family bonds have powerful sway over individual decisions. â€Å"The question that arises, therefore, is essentially to establish whether one or both future spouses have consented, and if so, whether the consent was full and free with the aim of entering into married life† (Zapfl-Helbling, 2005). History Because marriage is such an important part of human life, it is discussed and described in religious writings. Arranged marriages have been instrumental in maintaining royal families and dynasties through history, and in some cultures, such as the Indian, arranged marriages are still common. Marriage in the Bible At the time of many of the stories in the Bible, arranged marriages were very common. The pair that was to be married often had little power in deciding who they would marry; they would have to do as their parents decided. In the same way as in royal families, marriage tied groups together in alliances, bringing different communities together. Several verses in the Bible refer to women being given by their fathers to men in order to create alliances, in a sign of good faith and friendship, or as a reward. The Bible does not directly set forth rules governing arranged or forced marriages. The same is true in other religions, such as Islam. Genesis 24 speaks of an arranged marriage, where a servant is sent to find a wife for Abraham’s son Isaac. Rebekah is brought from her homeland to marry Isaac. She is given to Abraham’s servant by her father Bethuel and brother Laban, to marry a man she has never met. Isaac is in the same situation as Rebekah, since he also does not know the woman he will marry (The Holy Bible). Marriage in Islam While the Qur’an does not directly discuss arranged marriages, Islamic law and the writings about the Prophet’s teachings do mention the subject. In these writings, forced marriages are very clearly forbidden, but arranged marriages in the understanding that both potential partners have the opportunity to refuse the marriage, is not banned. The family helps find a suitable candidate for marriage, and arrange meetings between the prospective spouses. Dating in the Western sense is not allowed in Islam, since two people of the opposite sex who are not related or married are not allowed to be alone together. â€Å"Whenever a man is alone with a woman, Satan is the third among them† (Dodge, 2003). Dates are always chaperoned by family members to prevent anything inappropriate from happening between the courting couple. If, at the end of the courting process, the pair wishes to marry, they will. Arranged Marriages in India As in every other culture, marriage is a vital part of culture in India. In the same way as arranged marriages are an established and expected part of Islamic culture, arranged marriages are very common also in India, where Hinduism is the leading religion. Most marriages here are arranged, but importantly with† the consent of the bride and the bridegroom and the blessings of the elders† (http://www. hinduwebsite. com/hinduism/h_marriage. asp). Also here the question of consent is very important to provide a distinction between arranged and forced marriage. This focus on consent has been a modern development of this ancient tradition. In the past, consent from the spouses was not necessary for them to be married (http://www. culturalindia. net/weddings/arranged-marriage. html HHHHHjjlafdkdk. ) Arranged marriages are set up by friends and family, and sometimes by a matchmaker that sets up the marriage. But the bride’s father has the most responsibility in arranging marriage for his daughter, and is the one who approaches the father of a potential bridegroom. Important aspects when considering a possible match are financial status, caste, and the bride and bridegrooms horoscopes matching. The role of astrology is important, and if a Hindu priest finds that the horoscopes of the potential spouses do not match, they will not marry, and must begin the search all over again (Livermore, 2009). India’s view of marriage first and then love is very different from the Western view where love comes before marriage, seems to be successful. The divorce rate in India is at 1. %, compared to the divorce rate in America, which is at 50 % (http://www. divorcerate. org/divorce-rate-in-india. html. ) These statistics may, however, be skewed, since divorce is socially not acceptable in parts of India. The NY Times had an article a couple weeks ago that supported the idea that people from India who are have had an arranged marriage have built a stronger relationship. Though divorce in not acceptable the bonds seem to only grow stronger as the years pa ss (Joseph, 2011). It is more than a silly tradition to those who take part in arranged marriage. The philosophy of â€Å"if it’s not broke, don’t fix it† is very much alive for this culture. The traditions are what have kept this country strong and unified. Declaration of Human Rights The right to only marry with the free and full consent of both spouses is set forth in several of the international agreements concerning human rights. Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) concerns the right to marry. Part two of article 16 states that â€Å"Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses† (Reichert, 2006). Two other articles help in explain why arranged marriages can be ruled as against the human rights of the spouses. Article 24 of the International Bill of Human Rights covers the rights and requirements of marriage. â€Å"People of full age have the right to marry and to found a family. Men and women are entitled to equal rights at marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. † (Reichert, 2006) Article 27 declares a right to privacy, which provides that it is a human right to live without unnecessary interference by the government. â€Å"Everyone shall have the right to privacy in his or her home, hotel room, vehicle, or vessel and to have interpersonal relations as they choose. This right includes all communications between people, in public or private that they intend to keep confidential. Eavesdropping is forbidden without a court order as part of a criminal investigation. Such order shall only be issued upon evidence submitted in writing to the judge issuing the order. † (Reichert, 2006) Article 27 also provides that everyone has the right to â€Å"have interpersonal relations as they choose,† which could be interpreted to protect the right to participate in arranged marriage, particularly in those cultures where arranged marriages are common and viewed as a natural part of the union of marriage. For those raised with those values, being denied the right to find a spouse in the way that is common in their culture would be an invasion of privacy. Theories Systems theory seemed an appropriate choice for its use of key concepts such as boundaries, differentiation, homeostasis, roles, and subsystems (van Wormer Besthorn, 2011). In researching the custom of arranged marriages within the Indian culture, boundaries must be considered. There are many cultural as well as gender specific boundaries at play. Differentiation, separating from one system as you move toward a more mature system, takes place as these women leave their family of origin and enter into their new family. An attempt will be made to recognize the other systems in place to create the homeostasis to allow this custom of arranged marriage to continue. Homeostasis is the giving and taking of certain systems in order to keep a balance. Also, as immigrants are acculturated to western ideologies, systems must change in order to ensure the continuation of this custom. For example, will the arranged marriage disappear as the family becomes more â€Å"Americanized†? While the systems theory is applicable in this situation, it isn’t without its shortcomings. Because of the endless systems, subsystems, and roles which could be considered, applying this theory can be daunting and have little use in one interview. This theory may also neglect any past situations or biological issues the client may be dealing with. The other theory being applied for this research is the feminist theory. Perhaps for a topic such as this, feminist theory may be most appropriate for the way in which it is used to examine discrimination and oppression (van Wormer Besthorn, 2011). Ideas of feminist theory that must be examined are: considering where the knowledge came from, examining the patriarchal system of the group, and examining the gender roles ascribed to the women of this culture (van Wormer Besthorn, 2011). Examining the ways women have become more empowered since immigrating to western countries. This theory will be applied in order to see how the custom of arranged marriage dictates what is appropriate therefore perpetuating the inequality of the women, i. e. whom they can marry. Another hope is that the theory can raise awareness of the ability to demand equality and begin to see areas where progress needs to be made on a micro as well as macro level. As is with systems theory, there are concerns about feminist theory also. The major complaint is that the focus is mainly on women which may actually become oppressive in itself by singling out problems specific to women. In actuality, feminist theory can apply to any situation of inequality or oppression which many critics fail to realize. The feminist theory is also based on western ideologies which may prevent it from being appropriately applied due to cultural differences. Conclusion While I, as a Western European, do not properly understand the tradition of arranged marriages, many places in the world it is common. I do understand that arranged marriage is a part of many cultures, and it will probably never be possible to fully ban the practice. What can be done is to protect the rights of the intending spouses as much as possible, which is done through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The duty set forth for every marriage to have free and full consent from both of the intending spouses will always raise the question as to whether both of the intending spouses really have the right to protest and the right to say no. Both the culture people are raised with and the family environment they live in influence their views of arranged marriage.

Its Common Sense That Animals Do Suffer Essays - Animal Welfare

It's Common Sense That Animals Do Suffer Many people and animal right activists object to having animals used in experiments. The animals used in medical research are put through experiment to help find cures for the well being of mankind, but somewhere down the line, some of these animals are tormented and tortured. Most of the researchers or animal abusers are caught and brought to court because of the heinous acts committed against these creatures and the excuse most animal abusers use is that animals do not suffer because they cannot communicate or express feelings. The author of Animal Liberation, Peter Singer, argues that animals do suffer and most animals can communicate and express their feelings, such as pain. He states this clearly when he says, Most people agree unhesitatingly that animals like cats and dogs can and do suffer. Many animals, such as mammals and birds communicate pain through, whimpering, yelping, and whining. Also, if animals did not suffer, then why would there be a law that prohibits cruelty towards animals. This law fines and even incarcerates people who abuse animals. Moreover, this law infers that animals do suffer and also, that they do have rights against inflicted, and unnecessary pain. In addition, one reason why people experiment with animals and do not care if the are hurting them is because animals do not have a language and cannot voice their feelings -- so they say. Science research found that chimpanzees ( a species similar to humans) can communicate and have a developed language. But what about infants? Infants cannot talk. So, are the not able to suffer because they lack a language? Why are these medical experiments not performed on infants? If animals do not hurt because they cannot communicate, then why can we not say the same for human babies? All in all, medical researchers are using animals to come up with cure for the many diseases and viruses humans bear. Think about it? these experiments are not done on humans because human people would feel pain, suffer, and even due to the torturing tests, so animals are used instead because their bodies work similarly to the human body (after being said that nonhumans are do different from humans). Moreover, we can assume that for an experiment to be successful and the cure be considered safe for humans, the animal's body must function comparable to the human body. Animals have a heart, have a brain , have a nervous system, and have blood just like people, therefore, indeed, animals do feel pain and suffer. Bibliography N/A

Jesus Christ Superstar vs. The essays

Jesus Christ Superstar vs. The essays Jesus Christ Superstar vs. The Passion of The Christ There are a handful of movies made to date, that depicted the controversial subject of Jesus Christ of Nazareth in his final days, the two most successful films that retold this historical tale were written by authors with contrasting religious beliefs. The diverse way that the same storyline is portrayed in these films makes it easy to compare Jesus Christ Superstar and The Passion of the Christ. Jesus Christ Superstar was written more than thirty years ago as a musical. It has a lighthearted 1970s style. Andrew Lloyd Weber was the composer for the project and breathed life and vibrancy into characters through song. Though the story is about a serious matter the play counts on comic relief to ease some tension from the touchy topic. One of the biggest differences in the movie is the fact that Mary, the mother of Jesus, does not appear due to the fact the author was not Catholic. This musical has been on the scene for years and still remains a classic tale of the last days of Christ. The Passion of the Christ was released in February 2004, and was written as a true story, according to the bible, of the last seven days of Jesus of Nazareth. It is such an intense drama that you hardly notice any background music, which is usually a main focus of a movie. This movie is nothing to laugh at. It is an emotional violent, blood-splattered movie that requires a box of tissues to accompany you to see it, and weak stomachs need not attend. Unlike Jesus Christ Superstar, Mary, the mother of Jesus is one of the main characters in this movie due to the Catholic influence of the author. This is a story unlike any other of the last days of Christ. These two movies have the same basic story line, but very different content. The music in Jesus Christ Superstar is phenomenal and has you singing along and although the power of music is overwhelming to the soul it does not com ...

Asian history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asian history - Essay Example There are three meanings of Tao (Taoism) that Lao-tzu describes in is teachings and philosophical ideas. In the teachings of Taoism, the universe and everything in it follows a mysterious and unidentified force referred to as Tao which is translated plainly as â€Å"The way.† There are three meanings that assist in the understanding of the â€Å"way† described by Lao-tzu. The first meaning is that Tao refers to the ultimate reality in which its diversity cannot be conceived or understood by human nature. The Tao is not equal to anything, but this undefined and superior Tao is the basis for everything; moreover, it is a way that is above all in the universe and a mystery to human beings. In all the things of the world, Tao is definitely the greatest and its existence cannot be denied by anyone or anything. This concept for instance, perceives that Tao is only comparable to God from the Old Testament who is indescribable (Oldmeadow 96). The second meaning of Tao is that i t is definitely immanent in that it is the driving force for all existence and the way that people should follow. The Tao in this case clarifies that the being takes the form of â€Å"flesh† guidance to ever which gives guidance to everything in the world. It is like an intense spirit, assumes a complete being, defeats even the most glittering existences, and exists like dust or spirit. The Tao is like a sprit and not a substance that can be exhausted and it flows forever. The Taoism bible, Tao Te Ching indicates that everything is one regardless of the appearances. It gives life to all things and therefore, Tao is the Mother of the Universe that ensures the existence of everything in it. Smith gives an example that Tao is â€Å"Graceful rather than abrupt, flowing rather than hesitant†¦flows with purpose† (Oldmeadow 96). The third meaning of Tao describes it as the path of human life that is related to the ruler of the universe. This indicates that human beings l ive in accordance with the universe and therefore, living in Tao. In addition, it means finding a balance between negative and positive energies within the universe. Nature should not be damaged or abused but rather humans should strive to maintain naturalness in all things (Oldmeadow 96). The three approaches to Daoism are intellectual (Philosophical), Psycho-physical, and spiritual (religious). Philosophical Daoism is an approach that aims at conserving â€Å"te† or power with teachers focusing of coaching. This philosophical idea was generated by Laozi and Zhuangzi in a concept that focuses on the idea of â€Å"wu wei.† Wu Wei is a term that means Quite Creativity that advocates for preserving life liveliness by ensuring that one does not spend uselessly. The concept advocates for minimal friction or conflicts within interpersonal relationships and in relation to the natural world (Haldan 10). The psycho-physical Daoism approach is the essence of enhancing the level of â€Å"Ch’i† (breath or crucial energy) through proper diet (food and herbs), martial arts (discipline), and meditation (Yoga). Ch’i is increased by ensuring consumption of necessary supplements nutritionally. In addition, absorption of ch’i is achieved from the universe and allowing inner flow through efficient body movements. Physical exercises are necessary in Daoism through activities like Yoga to

Rich Pictures Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Rich Pictures - Article Example It was developed by Peter Checkland as a Soft Systems Methodology for gathering information about a complex situation (Checkland 1981, p. 37). Structure, processes and concerns are the main components of any Rich Picture diagram. Use Case method analyses the expectation of a primary actor with the proposed system. Actors are the stakeholders of the system, e.g. end users and other systems that are supposed to use the system. They are not considered as a part of the system, only their interaction with the system is taken in to consideration while developing the system. Use Case modeling is extensively used in software application modeling process and object oriented programming. A clear understanding of Use Case is necessary for using UML and other modern software development process. This dissertation will critically evaluate Rich Pictures and Use Cases as a requirements analysis tool. It will also compare and contrast adoptability, advantages and shortcomings of these analysis methods. With the help of a case study based on a Children Support Agency and analysis of its requirement using both methodologies it will highlight the usability of these methods to different situations. Soft System Methodology (SSM) deals with problem situations in which there is a high social, political, and human activity component (Checkland, 90). The SSM is effective in dealing with "soft problems" that are difficult to define but comparatively easier to solve as presented in Children Support Agency case study. Examples of problem situations where SSM is more effective includes socially more complex but technically easier problems such as dealing with homelessness, illiteracy and distressed young people. SSM as defined by Checkland (1990) is composed of seven stages from, finding out the problem situation, expressing the problem situation through Rich Pictures (i.e., representations of organizational structure and processes pertinent to the problem situation), viewing the situation and produce root definitions, building conceptual models of what the system must do for each root definition, comparing the conceptual models with the real world, identifying feasible and desirable c hanges, to making recommendations to improve the problem situation. Expressing the problem situation through Rich Pictures is a major phase of Soft System Analysis. Rich Pictures are most effective in analyzing the complex organizational structures, functions and processes. Rich Picture diagrams as illustrated by following figure are one of the best and most flexible ways for communicating systematic planning process. Following Rich Picture for the complete Children Support Agency environment outlines all major structures, processes, different stakeholders and their concerns. Figure 1: Rich Picture Diagram for CSA Management Information System. The above rich picture modelling gives a broad picture of the situation. It shows clearly the expectations of different stakeholders from proposed Management Information System. Development of rich pictures gives a systematic understanding of all questions and observations about the problem situation. The above representation of the scenario can be very helpful in identifying

The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock - Essay Example The paper "The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock" discusses Jackson Pollock, his art and his aims. He often used hard sticks and even paint applicators to make an abstract. He not only had a different style but also his work has being majorly influenced by many artists from around the world and even Lee Krasner who he married. His possible influence was a Ukrainian artist Janet Sobel. He was a struggling alcoholic who in 1939 he visited a Jungian analyst to treat his alcoholism who encouraged him to paint, which also influenced his work a lot, his paintings not only showed his thoughts but also the fear and terror in humanity living in the times of nuclear war. Indian culture also played an important role in his work, he was influenced mainly by sand painting, and Indian culture also influenced him in a way where he use to get ideas for subjects and motifs for his drawings. Many art critics have said that his work has shown nature of chaos motion, it expressed the chaos theory even b efore it had been formed. Jason Pollock has been one of the most significant artist in the field of abstract expressionism. His work has been very different from the art at that time, his paintings bought together techniques like Cubism, Surrealism, and Impressionism which made his work stand out from other paintings. And for that reason he has been in the spotlight of media since then, people have written about him made biographical films on his life and his art is still recognised among the master pieces of abstract expressionism.

Campus Security Management

Campus Security Management Campus Security is traditionally defined as one of the most pervasive problems that a campus or university must address. There is rarely has a campus issue, problem, or challenge that requires the recruitment of everyone in the university to solve. Security Management is about protection of a building and other assets of the building. Security management is encompasses a field of management related to asset management, physical security and human resource safety functions. It entails the identification of an organizations information assets and the development, documentation and implementation of policies, standards, procedures and guidelines. Security is an essential issue for every organisation i.e. government, private, commercial or educational institution. Thus, university security personnel such as campus security officers and campus security guard need to have a strong understanding of campus security. There are many important responsibilities are being brought out in running a university. One of the most important is proper security management. Campus security is necessary in order to keep employees and their belongings safe. All students and university community members are encouraged to be fully aware of the safety issues on campus and to take action to prevent and to report illegal and inappropriate activities. Personal awareness and applying personal safety practices are the foundation of a safe community. Pursuant to the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act, university monitors criminal activity and publishes the security report, maintaining a three-year statistical history on the campus, on the adjunct campus, and at off-campus facilities used. University also distributes information about the report to students and employees. A copy of this report is also available to prospective students and employees upon request. Various policies and procedures relating to campus security are needed and it expressly reserves the right to modify or adopt additional policies or procedures at any time without notice. Such changes may appear in successive issues of the security report. (Saint Paul College, 2009). Statement of Research Problems: For universities, it is always a challenge in balancing the desire to welcome the public to campus events with the need to protect the safety of the university community. It is exposed to physical risks and vulnerabilities as well as the vandalism because there are many people pass in and out to the campus include the students who stay off-campus. University community such as students and staff as well as workers who work in the campus area always feel unsecure or unsafe when the security system cannot reach to the extent of protection. Unsecure environment will affect the students academics. However, according to the statistics, the people attitude always makes sense that it will never happen here. Thus, due to the lack of awareness on the security among the students, staffs and visitors of the university, this research study is to get a better understanding on the security management and to know how important are the security management. Besides that, this research will identify the students satisfaction toward security management of University of Malaya. Objectives of the Study: To determine the current security system in University of Malaya (UM). To identify the level of satisfaction among students towards current security system in UM. To conclude and make appropriate recommendations to improve on the current security system. Background of the Study: The security is always an issues concerned by community. In the campus, even there is a security system, many students may still not satisfy with the current security system in the universities because many theft cases still happen, make loss on the students and staffs. Thus, a good and efficient security management of a university is important so that to ensure all aspects and assets of the building are kept safe and defended from danger or injury or loss. Security covers all the devices, technologies and specialist materials for perimeter, external and internal protection. This covers everything from sensors and closed-circuit television to barriers, lighting and access controls. Significance of the Study: This study will show an overview of Security Management system to those security administrators and other security personnel as well as the staff and students about protecting campus assets. Through this research, people will more understand the current security system in University of Malaya and thus the administrators and security personnel could more concern on the current security system problem so that will gives awareness to them so that safety of students and the campus more secure. By managing well in campus security, not only the university community will feel more secure, the visitors will also enjoy the benefits because the probability to face problems will be lower. The students also can enjoy the safe and secure academic environment. Scope of Study: This study will look on the security management in University of Malaya. The area of study will concentrate on whole University of Malaya and also Security Office of University of Malaya. The target segment of this research will mainly focus on the students of University of Malaya so that to achieve the objective of the study. Research Methodology: In carrying out this study, understanding of the definition of security and Security Management of campuses and universities will be carried out from secondary data such as magazines, newspapers, encyclopedia, journal articles and abstracts as well as the data mainly collected from internet. Besides that, the current security system of University of Malaya can also be studied. In addition, questionnaire surveys data will be collected from students so that can know the satisfaction level on security in University of Malaya among them. The data collection and information gathered will be put into chart in the most proper way. Thus, every data and information gathered will be analyzed before the study can reach the conclusion. Structure of the Study: This chapter provides a concise introduction to the topic of this study. It includes statement of research problems, objectives of the study, background, significance of the study, scope of study, research methodology and the structure of the study. In the Chapter 2, the Literature Review, provide information to better understanding on the security management of university including the role of security and types of security. Besides that, this chapter will also study the importance of the security policy and the devices used in implementation of campus security. Chapter 3 is the Case Study which will study on the current security system and management in University of Malaya. All information and documentations that related to the Security Office and the security of University of Malaya will be studied. This chapter will also examine the case study which looks on types of security system such as the traffic control, CCTV, access control, issuing of vehicle sticker and special team as well as role of security guards. Chapter 4 is the Findings and Analysis of the research methodology. Before proceed with analysis, research methodology will be briefly explained. The quantitative research will provides the tabulation of the quantity survey through questionnaire survey. The result will base on the analysis of the data collected as well as observation. Lastly, Chapter 5 is the Conclusion and Recommendation. The conclusion of the study will be derived from the findings and analysis done in previous chapter. After of all, the suggestion and recommendation regarding improvement of security system will be made.

Application Security Essay -- Technology, Programming, Video Games

According to [3], game design refers to â€Å"something to program about.† When creating games, one must take into account the flow and structure of a game. These cannot be ignored since a domino effect follows: poor design will lead to a poor implementation of the game. A poorly implemented design would then lead to a program that is vulnerable to both simple and complex attacks. [1] mentions that loopholes or bugs in games may occur as a product of poor game design. This brings another point: poor design can lead to exploits. Bugs (in games) are more often than not exploited in order to gain some sort of virtual good or advantage, rather than being reported to the developer for further improvement. [1] also discusses different forms of cheating, some of which can be attributed to a poor design. These forms of cheating may include (as an example, for online games) hacking a server or database to gain an advantage, or hacking a system itself to extract valuable information, a mong many others. With respect to offline games, [4] describes an exploit which could affect others’ game play. Theoretically, one would assume that offline games would not affect others’ game play since, there are no networks or servers or connections to the internet, unlike online games. However, for offline games, it is possible for two users to share the same system, and therefore share the same game but with a difference in the saved game file though. The sum of it all is that a game developer’s poor design could be a â€Å"portal† for exploitation. There are ways though to improve design. One may review the design over and over again, from all perspectives, to ensure that there are as minimal â€Å"flaws† as there can be, since these flaws cannot totally be eradicat... ...VA, programmers must take into account the access modifiers of their classes. Preferably, programmers must make class’ attributes private and make use of getters and setters [9]. Use the protected access modifier for superclasses so that its subclasses can access it. Anticipate exceptions that might come along the way and use proper exception handling to avoid bugs that attackers may exploit. Encryption has always been one of the best ways to secure data. Always encrypt sensitive data like passwords and game assets. All in all, the techniques mentioned above are just some of the techniques one can use to secure his or her game. One can use whatever technique as long as it will help improve the security of his or her game. What’s important is to know security threats that pose risks to your game and be able to implement proper techniques to address these issues.

Father of Science Fiction: H. G. Wells

H. G. Wells is the True â€Å"Father of Science Fiction† At the very end of the Victorian Era, there emerged a man of literature the likes of which the world had never before seen. Some know him best as an English novelist, though most of his works were not novels. Some call him a political and social commentator, due to the didactic themes in many of his works. Due to inclusion of the social and natural sciences in his works, he is also known as a popularizer of science.His devotion to the development and establishment of future studies as a science most certainly garnered him the reputation as an early futurist. His pervasive influence in the development of the science fiction genre is indisputable. However it was his masterful weaving together of futurism and speculative fiction into a single body of work dedicated to the future of mankind that earns H. G. Wells the title of â€Å"The Father of Science Fiction†. Herbert George Wells was born in Bromely, Kent, England in September of 1866, the son of a maid and a professional cricketer.When he was eight years old Wells broke his leg and began reading library books to pass the time, stimulating his desire to write. He attended a number of schools throughout his early life, acquiring an xtensive background in physics, astronomy, and chemistry. He even studied biology under Thomas Henry Huxley at the Royal College of Science, acquiring extensive knowledge in the theories of evolution. Joining the school Debating Society nurtured his interest toward social issues and reform.Wells considered himself a socialist and was a member of the Fabian Society that included other such notable members as George Bernard Shaw and Virginia Woolf. At that time he also founded The Science School Journal, allowing him a forum to develop his pen for literature, expressing his iews on society and perfecting his burgeoning fiction. After doing some teaching, he eventually graduated from The University of London with a Ba chelors of Science in zoology. His prolific writing career that followed included hundreds of works over the span of fifty years.His talent for combining the possibilities of science and technology in the form of fictional stories that became known as â€Å"science fiction† or as the genre was known in Britain at the time, the â€Å"scientific romance†. Science fiction as a modern literary genre is distinguished by its use of real cientific ideas and concepts to form a story that is plausible within a futuristic or alternative-world setting. The imaginative elements of science fiction are largely possible within the realm of scientific theory and fact.This differentiates science fiction from other speculative genres such as fantasy and horror in that those works are not concerned with scientific and technological possibility. Even Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818), though certainly innovative in using themes of science fiction, is more accurately classified as a horro r novel. Horror and fantasy genres also delineate rom science fiction in that they include magical and supernatural elements that are absent from the realistic and logical science fiction genre.Though some story elements of sci-fi can be purely imaginary, accurate depictions of science and technology are used to tormulate realistic conjectures ot the tuture, or even alternative timelines of the present or past. What distinguishes H. G. Wells from earlier authors who delve into themes of modern science fiction is that he studied science as a primary disciplinary field and applied his knowledge in a literary fashion, focusing on scientific and technological plausibility. All of Wells' scientific romances contain realistic elements that are based on applied scientific methodology and knowledge.Some of these include such famous works as The Time Machine (1895), The Invisible Man (1897), and The War of the Worlds (1898). Though Wells is considered the â€Å"Father of Science Fictionâ₠¬ , it is often argued that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is the first work that could be considered true science fiction. Many of the innovative themes used by Mary Shelley unquestionably fall into the realm of modern science fiction. Never before had any story been written about a man of science† (the term â€Å"scientist† was not yet coined and would not be until 1834) that performs â€Å"experiments† in a â€Å"laboratory'.Written as a response to the recent Industrial Revolution, Shelley uses fantastical scientific innovations to explore the moral and ethical consequences of technology, a device used by nearly all modern science fiction writers, including Wells. However, unlike Wells, Shelley's works include precious little in the way of actual scientific fact or theory, leaving the audience to speculate about their plausibility. Her education, though broad and advanced for a oman of the Romantic era, was in literary studies and included no instruction in th e natural or physical sciences.Her sources were limited to discussions with her peers of earlyl 9th century experiments in vivisection and galvanism, the latter of which is an antiquated term for the stimulation of muscles by electric current, applied in the case of Frankenstein to the reanimation of dead tissue. Her scientific education is in contrast to Wells, who had an extensive educational background in the sciences. Although Shelley's science is neither plausible nor the main focus of her story, its ealistic nature made Frankenstein truly frightening to her audience, which was her intention in using such scientific elements.Shelley had originally conceived the work as a horror story, thus her themes of science fiction become secondary to the theme of horror as the focus of the work. She inspired the archetype of the â€Å"monster† that followed in literature and film. Though Shelley's idea of using science merged with fiction was innovative for the time and implemented by later writers (including Wells, and not for another 80 years), Frankenstein's designation as science fiction remains ncillary to that as a landmark novel of the horror genre.The title of â€Å"The Father of Science Fiction has also been applied to popular French writer Jules Verne, but is more accurately applied to H. G. Wells. While certainly a brilliant and talented writer that heavily influenced science fiction as a genre of literature, Verne's novels can easily be disputed as works of true science fiction. Much like Shelley's Frankenstein, the works of Verne contain elements and themes that are considered scientific but accessory to his primary literary theme.Much attention is given to Verne's Voyages Extraordinaires, a series of fifty-four stories hich include such famous works as Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), From the Earth to the Moon (1865), and Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea (1869). At the time of their publication, the technological advancements pre sent in Verne's works had been extrapolated by him to aid in his fantastic voyages, but would soon atter become scientific realities. This earned him the reputation ot being a technological prophet, a reputation also held by Wells.Some of his prophecies that came true include the electric submarine, the helicopter, and a â€Å"projectile† to carry passengers to the moon. Although Verne's scientific prophecies were at times more grounded in reality than those of Wells, they were made almost primarily in the area of transportation, unlike Wells, whose prophecies were made in multiple areas of science. The argument can be made that Verne himself inspired these technological advancements. Many pioneering submarine, aviation and rocketry innovators have credited Verne as the inspiration for their successful inventions. However, Jules Verne was in no way a scientist. He was educated as a lawyer and studied geography, the latter of which inspired him to write his stories of adventur e and travel. Verne argued incessantly that his stories were not meant to be read scientifically, and even stated â€Å"l do not in any way pose as a scientist†2. The science he did use in his stories was well researched; Verne often spent time in the company of the best contemporary scientists of his day, consulting them on possibilities of future technology that he could realistically yet fantastically apply to his adventure stories.While not all science fiction writers are scientists, the case of whether Verne or Wells is â€Å"The Father of Science Fiction† can favor Wells as the true â€Å"Father† when it's argued hat Wells' scientific educational background gives him credibility and authority. His use of scientific elements as the primary theme of his works (unlike Verne, whose science was used as an auxiliary to the theme of adventure) makes him more deserving of the title. Also, Verne's title of â€Å"technological prophet† passed to Wells because of his dedication not Just to science but also the serious exploration and inquiry of the future.In 1901, H. G. Wells wrote a book called Anticipations of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought which is onsidered the â€Å"first comprehensive and widely read survey of future developments in the short history of predictive writing†3. Wells was not the first person to take seriously the study of the future, but rather he had access to a vast amount of early speculative writings, including some utopian novels that explored the future state of society, that he combined into a single body of work.With the development of scientific thought during the 18th and 19th centuries and the movement of scholars away from religious apocalyptic future inquiry, scholarly thinking and literature that ealt with general human progress instead of eschatology began to emerge. The development of social sciences that studied human interaction showed predictiv e power when applied to how future society might develop. Many 19th century novelists such as William Morris synthesized sociology with speculative fiction perfecting the utopian novel that gives an image of an ideal society set in the future.Earlier works inherited by Wells that included futurist themes often had a different purpose than the actual scientific study of the future such as exploring God and nterpreting history. In Anticipations, all the early tendencies toward future thought were combined by Wells into the first volume of work that gave complete attention to futurist ideas and systematically explored the future. Like the works of Verne, Anticipations investigates the future of transportation, accurately predicting major highways and interstates as well as the prevalence of motor vehicles.He accurately predicts the rise ot suburbia and huge metropolises as an enormous unbroken sprawls of middle-class life. The book also dwells extensively on the future of world rder an d government, even predicting the formation of the European Union. After the publication of the book, the Royal Institution requested a lecture on future study, which he published under the name The Discovery of the Future (1902). The lecture calls for a whole new science to establish an ordered and working vision of the future, and is known to this day to be the birth of future studies.Wells continued this theme with other works dedicated to the future such as A Modern Utopia 1905), The Future in America (1906), What is Coming? (1916), A Year of Prophesying (1925), The Fate of Homo Sapiens (1939) and many, many more. His work The Shape of Things to Come (1933) is a fictional outline of future history, the title a phrase coined by Wells that has been used countless times and is still used today. The term â€Å"foresight† used in Anticipations was also coined by Wells.Wells' other accurate future predictions include lasers, cell phones, the Internet, and the atomic bomb (a phr ase he used in his book The World Set Free [1914] to describe the bombs that would not be developed until the 1930's). The attention that Wells gave to surveying the future not nly established future studies as a legitimate science, but also helped firmly established future thought as a major theme of science fiction. Before Wells published Anticipations, he published his first and most well-known novel The Time Machine (1895).The story features a scientist known only as â€Å"The Time Traveler† who built a device that can move through time. This device is known as a â€Å"time machine†, a term coined by Wells and still used to this day in reference to such a device. The Time Traveler Journeys forward in time almost 800,000 years and meets a peaceful society of child-like humans known as the Eloi. He also meets the frightening race of Morlocks that live underground and are keepers of the technology that achieve the above-ground serenity.The Time Traveler also soon lear ns that the Morlocks feed on the Eloi, and that their technology is used to keep the Eloi passive. He comes to the conclusion that the two races are a product of Darwinian evolution and the large gap between the social classes of British society. He speculates that the Eloi were once the leisure class, and due to their conquest of nature with technology they have become feeble in an environment where intelligence and strength are no onger necessary for survival. He also speculates that the Morlocks are descendants of the oppressed working class.This application of Darwin's theories as a literary motif echoes Wells' education under Huxley who was known as â€Å"Darwin's Bulldog†. Before publication of The Time Machine, the premise of time travel as a plot device had been used very little. There were some old folk tales and less than a handful of modern fictional works that had included time travel. The idea was certainly popularized by Wells and considered the inspiration of a ll later science fiction works that feature time travel. Like Anticipations, it also established time settings in the future as a major element of science fiction.Wells is the first author to use modern science fiction elements to compose social and political commentary. The Time Machine famously illustrates the possible future consequences of a stratified society that becomes too dependent on technology and will be subject to a form of extreme social Darwinism. In The War of the Worlds, Wells examines Victorian attitudes and values. In his story of Martians attempting to colonize Earth and exterminate humans, Wells provides an imaginative vehicle tor ommentary on British Imperialism.Wells also explores morality and technological ethics, specifically within the realm of vivisection and genetic engineering in his novel The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896). The use of science in a fictional setting to make a didactic point is a reoccurring theme in Wells' scientific romances. It has since then became a major literary device in modern science fiction works to explore the impact of technology on society and humanity. In his best-known and most influential work, 2001 : A Space Odyssey (1968), British author Arthur C.Clarke explores the moral and hilosophical implications surrounding technology and artificial intelligence, evolution, and alien life. Clarke was strongly influenced by Wells; he was even vice president of the H. G. Wells Society. The British author C. S. Lewis was a champion of science fiction that is philosophically reflective and includes a moral point. He created his Cosmic Trilogy as a direct influence by H. G. Wells, citing his novel The First Men in the Moon (1901) as â€Å"the best sort [of science fiction] I have read†4.Out of the Silent Planet (1938), the first book in Lewis' trilogy, is so similar to The First Men in the Moon that the opening age says â€Å"Certain slighting references to earlier stories of this type which will be found in the following pages have been put there for purely dramatic purposes. The author would be sorry if any reader supposed he was too stupid to have enjoyed Mr. H. G. Wells fantasies or too ungrateful to acknowledge his debt to them. â€Å"5 Wells' influence on science fiction extends to many more authors, including British science fiction author Olaf Stapledon.Stapledon himself was a heavily influential writer, contributing many ideas to the genre of science fiction. Stapledon and Wells orresponded for over a decade, both creating ideas together and borrowing from each other. In his book The Billion Year Spree, Brian Aldiss calls Stapledon the â€Å"greatest of Wells' followers†6. Wells' science fictional reach extended beyond the sphere of British authors and diffused quickly to America, where his influence can be seen in such notable science fiction authors as Isaac Asimov and Robert Heinlein.During the 19th and 20th centuries, when the idea of the utopia as story element be gan to have a prominent place in literature, Wells himself wrote a number of utopian novels such as A Modern Utopia (1905) and Men Like Gods (1923). Wells progresses the idea of the utopia with his novel The Time Machine by turning the theme into an anti-utopia point of view. He illustrates the seemingly utopian society of the Eloi, and upon the discovery of the violent Morlocks, the world transforms into a horrifying dystopia.In his novel When the Sleeper Wakes (1899) about a man who falls asleep for two hundred years and wakes up in the future, Wells gives definitive form to the dystopia as a science fiction theme. This theme was taken up by later authors, most notably the British authors George Orwell and Aldous Huxley in their amous novels Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and Brave New World (1932) respectively. These two novels have been explicitly touted by their authors as directly influenced by the works of Wells, and have in turn influenced many other authors, works, philosopher s, thinkers, and even nations and governments.The achievement of H. G. Wells in the development of science fiction as a respected and important literary genre is unquestionable. His background as a scientist combined with his adept queries on futuristic ideas provided a springboard into an illustrious and intluential literary career His creative inventions ot science fiction themes such as the time travel, alien invasions, and invisible men have taken their place as staples of sci-fi literature.This, along with his numerous coined terms, technological prescience and populizing of proto-science fiction themes into mainstream literature designate Wells as the most important science fiction writer the genre has ever seen. And when his pervasive influence on future science fiction writers is regarded along with his other contributions, the only conclusion that remains is that H. G. Wells is the true â€Å"Father of Science Fiction†. Works Cited Wells, H. G. Anticipations of the R eactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought.

Treating Race and Ethnicity in History

Treating Race and Ethnicity in History The fact that American history is strongly associated with racial and ethnic issues in undeniable. Over the centuries, the migrated ethnic groups faced rigid discrimination on the part of dominating population. The indigenous population of America also confronted significant social and cultural pressure on the part of white people coming from Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Treating Race and Ethnicity in History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The point is that differences in races are not premised on biological characteristics, but on social ones. Indeed, social perceptions are strongly linked to cultural beliefs of various ethnic groups. Diverse ideological systems have become the corner stone for various groups to become a united community with common values and belief systems. There is no unanimous opinion concerning the nature of racial confrontation. Nevertheless, the history testifies to the dominance of white race over the others. Therefore, racism often served as a tool for colonizing, enslaving, and conquering new territories. Similar to racial distinctions, ethnic groups are also divided in accordance to different cultural and racial backgrounds. In case the population of one ethnic group prevails, the other ones are considered as minorities whose beliefs, culture, and traditions are often under the pressure. Prejudice, bias, and stereotypes have been formed as a result of these confrontations. In this respect, the African people migrating to the United States were not accepted by the dominating society and, therefore, they were deprived of the human rights, including freedom and equality. Despite the fact that racial discrimination has been exterminated in the course of time, some stereotypes and prejudices have been left. Ethnic stereotypes have been shaped as predominant images that are applied to discriminate the members of various communities. The existence of negative prejudices, however, distorts the overall information about specific community. Discrimination is another effect of unequal distribution of ethnic groups on one territory. To be more exact, there is always a prevailing group that shapes and influences the attitude of the rest of the population. Inequality stands at the core of relation between racial and ethnic groups due to the unequal treatment of each other. Such a perspective can still be applied nowadays since many stereotypic images exist and have a potent impact on social organization. The history of U.S. immigration proves that stereotypic images and discrimination have not contributed positively to the development of a socially and culturally healthy environment. Enslavement and pressure imposed on migrated African Americans, as well as overall treatment of immigrants, prove that people are unable to reconcile with biological differences.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethnic minorities tend to undergo racial discrimination due to their differences from the majority of social groups. These differences, nevertheless, have now become more respected by prevailing communities due to the globalization trends and tolerance of cultural diversity. Such a treatment creates a politically correct environment within which people should have enough space for self-expression and development. In conclusion, all the communities have dominating norms and values, as well as those that are rarely used. Therefore, it is logical some of the cultural norms are not accepted by the majority groups. Such a situation creates contradictions in terms of treating various ethnic groups whose traditions and customs are not respected in the community. In the course of time, the conditions have changed and closer attention is given to understanding cultural diversity in a globalized world. The tendency is a necessary solution for all the ethnic groups and races to be treated equally.

Dog-Day Afternoon Essays

Dog-Day Afternoon Essays Dog-Day Afternoon Paper Dog-Day Afternoon Paper Essay Topic: Film Im going to talk about my favourite film. Its called Dog-day afternoon and is a true story. It happened in Brooklyn in 1792 and covers 12 hours worth of a bank robbery that went very wrong. The focus of the film is the main character Sonny who has organised the robbery. But from the moment they arrive at the bank his plan starts to fall apart. One man backs out at the last minute leaving Sonny and his partner Sal to do it alone. The 2 of them take control of the bank only to find there is no money left. So they lock the bank workers in the safe room but Sonny makes the mistake of holding them up by letting one of the hostages go to the toilet. Meanwhile 12 different police forces are gathering outside the bank and it all goes downhill from there. The front of the case reads: The robbery should have taken 10 minutes. 4 hours later the bank was like a circus sideshow. 8 hours later, it was the hottest thing on live TV. 2 hours later it was all history. The reason I love this film is because its got so many themes and meanings behind it. The main theme is trust. The trust between Sonny and the hostages in the bank, Sonny and the police and Sonny and his 2 wives. Sonny cant trust anyone, yet he has to trust in the police that they will keep to their word and not try to catch him out even though this is their job and this is how he ends up with a dead partner and a life sentence. He gains the trust and even friendship of the people in the bank despite the fact that he is the threat and their cooperation keeps him safe. The hostages have to make a decision whether to help the police or Sonny and they choose Sonny. This says a lot about figures of authority. If you cant trust them who can you trust? All the police want to do is hurt Sonny because they believe what he has done is wrong. This is where he brings up Attica, which was a situation where police shot many innocent people as well as the guilty. This is represented by a white handkerchief he waved out the door each time he was coming out to talk to the police, this represented peace but eventually this peace sign gets covered in blood from a head injury he receives. It is very clever because the film turns the viewers morals around. You end up hoping this bank robber escapes and you grow to like him. This is partly because the hostages like him, but you also find out that he was robbing the bank for someone elses benefit. He served the country in Vietnam and as he doesnt have a Union card so cant get employed. Yet he needs to support his wife and 2 kids financially and it is revealed that he is married to a man named Leon who is in a mental institution waiting for a sex change. And this is why he robs the bank because he wants to free Leon from the hospital. This doesnt justify his acts but the way that the police try to mess with his head and the fact that you see he is a nice guy makes you feel sorry for him, especially as hes had all this misfortune. Another theme is how flexible peoples loyalty is. The crowd outside the bank love Sonny as he throws fake money at them but once they find out he is married to a man they start to chant and ridicule him, this says a lot about society and how easily swayed we are. There are a lot more themes and a lot more that happens but Ive picked out a quote that I think sums up Sonny. I know you dont understand the things I said or the things I did but Im me and Im different to you Sonny writes this to his wife as he makes his will and it I think this says a lot about Sonnys character and the film.

Plato's parable allegory of the cave expresses his doctrine of Ideas Essay

Plato's parable allegory of the cave expresses his doctrine of Ideas or Forms - Essay Example ad.’ This may have been â€Å"derived either from the width of his shoulders, the results of training for wrestling, or from the breadth of his style, or from the size of his forehead† (Rowe, qtd. in O’Connor and Robertson, Plato). His father, Ariston, died when Plato was a young man and his mother, Perictione, married Pyrilampes, in whose house Plato lived. Plato served in the military from 409 – 404 B.C. during the Peloponnesian War. He then participated in the Athenian oligarchy of the Thirty Tyrants in 404 B.C. but soon repudiated their violence. His disillusionment with Athenian politics was complete with the execution of Socrates in 399 B.C. which had a deep impact on his life and thinking. Leaving Athens, Plato traveled to Egypt, Sicily and Italy, where he was influenced by Pythagoras’ work to conclude that valid scientific thought must necessarily be expressed in mathematical terms. He again served as a soldier. On returning to Athens in 387 B.C. Plato founded a school of philosophy and science in a grove belonging to man called Academos: the origin of the word ‘Academy.’ Aristotle was the most renowned of the Academicians. The aim of the academy was to instruct young men to become the ideal statesmen who would usher in the ideal world of Plato’s writings. Except for an intervening period of a few years as tutor to Dionysus II of Syracuse, Plato continued in his role at the Academy until his death in 347 B.C. Plato’s life shows that, in addition to being a philosopher, â€Å"he was a man of the world, an experienced soldier, widely traveled, with close contacts with many of the leading men of affairs, both in own city and elsewhere† (Field, qtd. in O’Connor and Robertson, Plato). Plato’s Academy flourished for nine hundred years, as the longest surviving university known, until it was disbanded by the Emperor Justinian as a pagan establishment. Plato’s Dialogues assured his place â€Å"among the greatest writers of the world†

Analyze how realistic this rags-to-riches story is in today's America Essay

Analyze how realistic this rags-to-riches story is in today's America - Essay Example In actuality, poor people from various ethnic backgrounds have more chance of realizing financial independence in different European nations than in the United States. The myth of American opportunity has probably persisted due to the chances that existed for motivated immigrants in past centuries. In the 19th century, America was obviously a better option for slum dwellers in England and Continental Europe. The chances that individuals from these nations found in America were so different from those they were exposed to in their motherlands that they began to view America as a land akin to paradise. Horatio Alger’s book, ‘Ragged Dick’ mirrors this enthusiasm about the chances given by America to the disenfranchised. In ‘Ragged Dick’, the hero lives in New York City and starts out in a deprived and pitiable state, but, due to hard work and dedication, ends up being educated and respected by society. The latter part of the 19th century was a time of ch ange and great progress in American History. Moreover, it was also a time of falsehood. The reality is that corruptive practices, at this time, were more accepted in today’s America. ... Gangs randomly attacked successful business men and forced them to pay ‘protection fees’ in order to keep operating. Politicians were corrupt and did not have the current organizations that check excesses to curtail their crooked activities. In Horatio Alger’s book, Dick is a dedicated and punctilious person who takes advantage of the opportunities that come his way (Alger 247). Alger shows how his main character gains an opportunity to improve his chances of overcoming poverty when he is rewarded for being of assistance to the child of a rich man. This, in itself, presents a contradiction in what Alger believed about the American society’s fairness. For instance, if Dick had been of African American ancestry, it is unlikely that he would have been given the chance to improve his life even if he had saved fifty sons of rich men. Dick was privileged in this particular circumstance, even though he was poor, because he was from the accepted race. In today†™s world, people from all ethnic backgrounds do not have equal opportunity to improve their lives in spite of what is constantly asserted by the media. The fact that America has become more technologically advanced and is also experiencing a recession merely makes things harder for people or migrants who have little in the way of material goods to raise themselves economically. Not all Americans are well-educated. This means that there will be a lot of competition for the existing blue-collar jobs. In such cases, it is likely that ethnic minorities will be disadvantaged as those that are able to bribe for the jobs or belong to the predominant race are given the existing opportunities. Where white-collar jobs are concerned, sex, race, education and good resumes are

The mitigation analysis of unusable motor vehicles in Saudi Arabia Assignment

The mitigation analysis of unusable motor vehicles in Saudi Arabia - Assignment Example The cars, like any other machine, grow old and require repair, maintenance and eventually replacement. The well off urban population has been noted to more often than not opt for replacement of their aging cars, rather than have them repaired to elongate their working life. Like any other waste, the then retired cars pose a problem of disposal to their owners and some of them will either choose to abandon them either where they breakdown, at a mechanics compound, by the roadside or at the public parking places. Though legitimate methods of disposal exist –like selling the vehicle to scrap dealers in places like Bariman, most of the people opt for the illegal yet easy mode of disposal. What the law says. The ministry of the interior defines an abandoned property as any motor vehicle, outboard motor, vessel, ATV or trailer that is unattended which is operational or not and which is subject to removal or is removed from private or public property (PME 2012). It also defines a tow ing company as an entity or person who toes, stores or removes property which has been abandoned. The abandonment offence as defined by the presidency of the environment is the abandonment of a vehicle or any part that was part of a vehicle on any open land or any land constituting part of a highway or waterway. The offence also includes anything that has been abandoned and which was brought on land purposefully for abandonment. The law enforcement agencies will grant a towing company authorization to remove an abandoned property where: Abandoned on the right of way of any highway or on a freeway where: If in an urban area and the vehicle is left unattended for a maximum ten hours or four hours where the law enforcer feels that it poses a danger to other motorists or Away from an urban are if the vehicle abandoned for 24 hours or after 4 hours where it is perceived to pose a hazard to other motorists. If the unattended vehicle is on a bridge and obstructs the normal flow of traffic and no efforts from the owner to remove the property are evident. If the property had been reported as stolen or taken from the actual owner without their consent. Where the operator of such property has been arrested and taken to custody and has not been able to secure removal in time. Where the owner has parking/traffic violations which relate to any other local ordinance or municipal law and which are outstanding. Where the unattended property is violating any local ordinance or municipal law for which visible signs have been posted to give notice. Where the property is on territorial waters, is obstructing movement and has been there for more than ten hours or is floating loose. Where the operator of the property successfully eludes arrest for an offense which would otherwise have seen them taken into custody. The law enforcement agencies are allowed to immediately tow any vehicle or cargo that poses a hazard on any municipal highway, this includes the vehicle, the property ther ein, spilled cargo or personal property. For commercial haulers, if they are not transporting waste or cargo that is designated as hazardous, the enforcers have to grant the owner a reasonable chance to contract a towing organisation of their own. If property is abandoned on a private property, the security/property manager or the property’s lessee can have it removed without consent. They only need to contact an enforcement agent in their jurisdiction who will

The Music of the Night Essay Example for Free

The Music of the Night Essay In operas, either people love them or hate them. Play and song writer Andrew Lloyd Webber portrays a new light on opera in the famous musical The Phantom of the Opera. In scene five of the musical where the Phantom of the Paris Opera House sings a romantic melody entitled â€Å"The Music of The Night† to the orphaned ballerina dancer Christine Daae, he is telling her to â€Å"Close [her] eyes and surrender to [her]/ darkest dreams!/ Purge [her] thoughts of the life/ [she] knew before!† (12-15). He is basically telling her to live up to her dreams and for her not to let her past hold her back. The Phantom knows that Christine looks up to him as her guide; she calls him â€Å"The Angel of Music†. When her father was alive when she was younger he was a famous violinist and he told her repeatedly that a guardian called â€Å"The Angel of Music† would look after her if he wasn’t able to (Christine’s Character). Christine’s father fell ill and died when she was only seven years old and she was taken in by a family friend that spent a great time at the Opera House—that is where her career started to begin. Christine Daae had troubles and tried to forget about them, but the Phantom knew that it isnt easy to forget someone you once had close to you; and he knew it was affecting her talent. When he sang to her, he reassured her by letting her know that she should â€Å"turn [her] thoughts away from cold, unfeeling light† meaning that when she starts to think about heartbreaking and miserable thoughts, she needs to stop (9-10). In the following lines 24-28, he lets her know that she needs to, â€Å"Open up [her] mind, Let her fantasies unwind, In this darkness which, [She] knows [she] cannot fight- The darkness of the music of the night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thus, letting her know that even though it is hard to overcome her troubled past, she should bring out her emotions in her performance when she listens to any harmony of music; he knows that in every musical number, there is darkness behind it someway, somehow and she can portray it with beauty and grace. The Phantom believes in her and looks after her just like her father said that an â€Å"Angel of Music† would. The Phantom lets Christine truly believe this by hearing him sing this ballad; trying to show her that she can let her dream begin at anytime, but only she, herself, can let her darker side give in to the power of the music (39-41). So, he uses the word â€Å"garish† in the song, which means, according to an online dictionary, crudely or tastelessly colorful, showy, or elaborate (Garish define). He is stating that the â€Å"garish light of day† can be misleading and that she should just focus on the music of the night (8). The Phantom makes the night life sound very appealing by the introducing lines of the song: â€Å"Night-time sharpens, Heightens each sensation Darkness stirs and wakes imagination Silently the senses abandon their defenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1-4) He is showing her that at night fall imagination stirs and bubbles forth no matter who the person is. They recognize feelings at night time, before, that at times they may have never felt, therefore pushing one’s imagination towards how they feel. For example, in Christine’s situation, she may have never really put much thought towards how much she really misses her father and why it is holding her back from achieving more in her life. As she has some time alone at night to think, to dream, she is able to have time to search her inner most thoughts and reflect her life and imagine what it could have been if her father was still around. That can bring out her senses, her defenses are then abandoned, and she has just discovered a little of what makes her connect with the music of the night. Christine  needs to not live with feelings that overshadow her life and she should start a journey through this new experience. All-in-all, the song â€Å"The Music of The Night† is about us getting in touch with our imagination and us embracing our feelings. Andrew Lloyd Webber fully captivated audiences around the world and made them take hold of their mind’s eye and their senses. The music in this chilling masterpiece is mind opening in which one can let their fantasies take flight. When listening to the song and fully taking in it’s meaning, a person, such as me, can really let the beautiful lyrics flow loudly out of the boom box speakers and into the thoughts of my life. So, like Christine, the Phantom was reassuring her that in the end â€Å"[She] alone can make [his] song take flight-/ help [him] make the music of the night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (42-43). Only she is capable of accepting the help from â€Å"The Angel of Music† and the help from herself as she tries to use her imagination and the sensation that the night brings to help her over come the feelings that affect her perfo rmance on the stage and in her everyday life. Even though her father had passed, she found what she thinks to be â€Å"The Angel of Music† and she is now following her fathers wish, yet she is finding herself along the way. That is what is best for her, to keep moving forward with her life while achieving her dreams.

The Role Of Zara As A Brand Commerce Essay

The Role Of Zara As A Brand Commerce Essay Zara is a fashion brand from the house of Inditex SA, of Spain, which is one of the leading fashion retailers of the world. Zara started its retail operations for the in 1975, with its first store opened at La Coruna in Galicia, Spain. Presently this is the head office of Zara. Zaras retail operation now extends to about 650 stores operating in 50 different countries. Over the last five years Zaras sales has increased at a steady rate of 25% and Zara as a brand contributes to about 80% of the companys total profits. There are questions that pull forward the need for this research to be undertaken. Some of these questions would be that when most fashion retailers reported negative annual profits due to the global economic recession, how has Zara been able to continuously increase its profitability? What are the strategies employed by Zara? What are the quality control checks employed by Zara? How scalable is Zaras business model and finally what does Zara follow to maintain its high market share and at the same time compete with other fashion retailers? Zara focuses on the apparel business more as a consumption market rather than being a commodity market. Hence Zara focuses on speed and thus looks at continuous reduction of response time. Hence to achieve this Zara has an effective vertically integrated supply chain which is very closely integrated with the customers. It is from here that the latest trends in fashion are identified and the garments are produced accordingly and delivered to stores within a period of 2 weeks. . 1.3 Competitive Priorities of Zara: The identifiable competitive priorities on which Zara has built up its successful business model are as follows: 1.3.1 Fast speed of production: Zara has the ability to transform a fashion concept and place finish products in the stores within a period of 2 weeks. Zara has dedicated teams at stores which allow the retailer to get designer influenced products at a very rapid pace within the stores. 1.3.2 Variation of Production: Zaras value chain comprises of members who dedicated work closely with customers in spotting new trends of demand in fashion. They have the ability to launch new trends, designs and variation of products. 1.3.3 Cost Leadership: Zara produces fashionable range of products at an affordable pricing. When compared to other competitors in the same strategic group, Zaras products are priced lower than GAP and Benetton. The main reasons due to which Zara can achieve cost leadership is because they keep a very low level of inventory in stores. Their efficient distribution system allows them to get products in the store just in time. As a result of which Zara has a high annual inventory turnover. 1.4 Applying Porters Generic Strategy: On application of Porters generic strategy it has been observed that Zara looks at the broad scope of the market. Zara uses a combination of differentiation and overall cost leadership. The ability to produce different range of fashion at a fast pace is the differentiating factor of Zara that gives them a high sustainable competitive advantage. Overall cost leadership is achieved through the vertically integrated supply chain that Zara possesses. Due to the efficient supply chain, Zara can achieve a high stock turnover and at the same time maintain a low level of inventory in stores. 1.5 The practice of Total Quality management and its implementation in Zaras vertical supply chain: 1975-1995: Since its inception in 1975 till 1995 Zara has followed the method of inspection in order to keep a check on the quality of its products. Zaras designing team has worked closely with customers and have spend their time in spotting the latest trends in demand. An instant sketch of the design has been analysed and the accordingly produced. The quality control teams at Zara inspected the designs before placing them in stores. 1995 till date: After 1995 Zara has implemented the practice of Total Quality management. In this practice Zaras vertically integrated supply chain tries to achieve Continuous Improvement of their processes, which includes spotting of the fashion trends, designing, and procurement of their materials, the CAD technology they use for designing, their improved inventory management and finally their centralised logistics and distribution system. Each of the components of the supply chain process has been explained below. From the aspect of employees, Zara invests a lot on the motivation of employees. They mainly hire young people who are creative and can understand the latest trends of fashion. Collectively these two aspects are used to achieve high level of customer satisfaction. 1.6 Supply Chain View of Zara: According to McMillan and Mullen (Operations Management Volume 2: 2002), the purpose of SCM is to integrate all tasks associated with the bi-directional flow of materials, information and finance into organized, coherent, managed processes in order to provide end-to-end management and control. One of the pivotal examples that support this view is the Supply Chain Management in Zara. 1.6.1 Design and Production: Zara uses concurrent designing process which integrates members from the entire organisation structure in creating its designs for fashion. This includes members from the procurement team, designers, market specialists and finally feedbacks obtained from sales executives and store manager. The average age of the designing team is 26 years. These designers spot the latest trends from different sources such as fashion shows, magazines and trade fairs. Then they make a sketch of the design and these designs are consulted upon by different members from the procurement and production departments. Only 25% of the total number of concepts are accepted and actually executed. Zaras business processes are integrated and cross functional teams work across all processes. Due to this there is a rapid flow of information which reduces the decision making time and in turn the lead time. 1.6.2 Procurement: 60% of the products produced by Zara are by their own factories. Zara has about 25 factories across the world and most of the plants run on a single shift basis. Thus Zara has unutilised capacity which they use for quick response to increase in seasonal demand. As a result of this Zara can transform their products quickly to the stores even when the demand is high. Although the design and automated manufacturing is done by Zara in house, most of the labour intensive activities are outsourced to reduce overall cost. 1.6.3 Information Systems: Most of the designs developed are done using CAD. This is a major reason for making the manufacturing process rapid. Apart from this ZARA invests considerably on technology in order to aid in the flow of information. Zara store managers posses hand held PDA which they use to send information such as sales figures, order placing and customer feedback to the head office in La Coruna. Based on this designing team confirms the design and sends them across to manufacturing units wherein CAD is used to manufacture the products. 1.6.4 Inventory Management: Zara replenishes its inventory from one of its 650 stores at least twice a week. However the stock quantities are limited so that they ensure not to carry excess inventory. On record Inditex has the least inventory as a percentage of annual sales as compared to Gap, which is its closest competitor. 1.6.5 Centralised Logistics and Distribution: Zara has a centralised distribution unit that operates from its head office in La Coruna. Zara uses all modes transportation for shipment namely trucks, trains and even planes in some cases. Trucks are loaded as per the specific order in the evening and they are dispatched at night at a specific time. 1.7 Employees at Zara: Employees at Zara is one of the main reasons for the effective quick response system of Zara. The HR policies revolve around high level of employee motivation. Zara believes in hiring young and creative people. Employees are Zara are given holistic training across all skill sets and they are also given high incentives. These practices motivates employees to market the brand Zara effectively. 1.8 Value Chain framework of Zara: Based on the above research a value chain frame work of Zara is given below: 2. A comparative study of Zara with Benetton: 2.1 Introduction to Benetton: The Benetton brand was established in the year 1966 by Luciano Benetton as an Italian fashion brand that produces wide array of coloured clothes. The Benetton group has 150 million garments rolling out of their stores and they have a mammoth number of 6000 contemporary stores worldwide. 2.2 Operational Control: Since its inception, until 2004 Benetton had a centralised production and distribution system. It also did inspection of its products and rapid quality checks from 1980 to the mid 2004. However in 2005 the control has become decentralized and Benetton now follows the Total Quality Management practices in its entire value chain. 2.2.1 Continuous Improvement in the Production Process: Benettons production system had undergone a major transformation in the year 2005. It evolved from an organisation based on divisions such as wool and cotton, to a structure based on service units such as planning and quality control. The new production system is flexible, and it integrates all the stake holders in the value chain. Thus it helps in reducing product delivery time and it also optimizes the quality and service levels. In this process there are three teams that work in tandem to deliver greater value to customers. These are the Logistics unit, the quality checking unit and the customer service unit. The customer service unit plays a major role in analyzing customer demands and level of satisfaction. This team has departments which keep a close track on the sales staffs and the store managers, whose inputs are taken into consideration during the production process. The quality checking unit keeps a track of the level of confirmation of specification of each design. Tagging and labeling of the units of garments are also taken care by them. The Logistics team is by far the most important team in the organisation. There is now a new Hong Kong hub that has become fully operational along with the European hub and the U.S hub. Benettons logistic system has now transformed from a centralised system to being a satellite control system. This facilitates the individual hubs to concentrate on their particular regions of distribution and supply the appropriate number of units and the appropriate design at the right time. Since 2005 till date the stores have thus reported low levels of inventory and high stock turnover rate. 2.2.2 Customer Satisfaction perspective: Since 2005, Benetton has also rejuvenated the concept of shopping experience by providing a new range of concept stores. Some of them are the Pentagram concept for glamorous clothes and the Cool concept for producing casual lines of clothing. Aspects of visual merchandising are taken better care of in order to strengthen the shopping experience of customers and developing stronger relationships with them. 2.2.3 Employees: With the implementation of TQM in 2005 the organizational functioning and structure has also been majorly transformed. Benetton now looks at hiring young individuals who takes the challenge of a fast paced environment. In 2005 a new project called the Wanna Sell? was introduced as a part of the training and development programme. In this project young and enthusiastic individuals were chosen and put into teams to attend sales workshops. During the 2008 economic meltdown Benetton continued to provide their staffs with incentives and thereby encouraging then to work with greater passion. 3.1 The Comparative Quality timeline: 4 SWOT Analysis of Zara: 4.1 Strengths: Vertically Integrated Supply Chain Quick Response System Integration of IT in the Information System Efficient Distribution Facilities Presence of Brand Globally 4.2 Weakness: Overdependence of Inditex over Zara as only one brand Lesser efficient supply chain management in U.S than Europe. (A negative effect of centralization) Location of Shops: It is often seen that Zara has too many shops in the same geographic area, thus causing canibalisation of its own sales. 4.3 Opportunity: Moving out to emerging markets such as Brazil and India where people are now more conscious of fashion. 4.4 Threats: Competitors such as HM who are also rapid innovators of fashion. In certain countries such as India, China and some of the Middle East nations there are companies that produce fashion at a high price but keeping a low cost. 5 Recommendations: 5.1 Decentralisation: Looking at the fact that Zara faces certain challenges logistically in markets such as United States and certain parts of Asia, Zara should now go for a decentralised structure in their distribution channel. As we have seen in the case of Benetton, due to the decentralised structure Benetton can efficiently manage their operation on such a large scale. For a company like Zara which is looking to penetrate the emerging markets, it should bring about a decentralised structure in the following ways: Zara should build controlling units of Distribution and Production in every geographic region where it has its operations. In this way it would help Zara to concentrate on each and every region rather than controlling the entire business from their headquarters in La Coruna. Zara should not bring about any change in the overall Supply Chain View which it now follows. 5.2 Six Sigma Practices: Being a high innovator of fashion, Zara should consider Six Sigma practice in order to mitigate the risks of innovation. It has been a proven track record that through Six Sigma companies have been able to reduce a high amount of their process costs, according to Six Sigma Academy companies save $230,000 per project by applying six sigma practices. Six Sigma practices help in improving ongoing processes of an organisation very effectively. For an organisation like Zara, at the present situation the application of Six Sigma will complement their high level of innovation that they do in order to bring in new fashion to the market continuously. Six Sigma practices can be implemented through in Zara through the application of DMAIC model. The DMAIC model can be elaborated as Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control of the processes in Zara. Define: The new fashion that has to be developed should be defined properly according to the specifications, the technology to be used to manufacture and the budget required for carrying out the designing process. Also the defining process must include the tasks that individuals within the supply chain must undertake. Measure: Measure the time taken to complete the entire manufacturing process for every product line (i.e. the new fashion that has been conceptualised). It is also important to measure the extent to which the measurements of the finished garments match with that of the defined plan. Analyse: Analysis is to be made from the perspective of the product movement. The time taken to complete the entire process of shipment is to be monitored, and a continuous effort should be made in reducing the shipment time. Improve: Areas of improvement in Zara comprises of confirmation of specification of measurement, reduction in production time, reduce in transportation or shipment time, improve the quality of service at stores, improve facilities at store and the store ambience and reduce the time taken for checkouts at stores. Control: Control in the organisations processes are to be brought about through a balanced score card that is customised for Zara balancing the four stake holders perspective. These four stake holders include the learning and innovation perspective comprising of Zaras ability to innovate new lines of fashion; the level of customer satisfaction; the financial performance of the company and the operational effectiveness of the supply chain system of Zara.